Define:
superficial burn
Burns to the epidermis.
Define:
partial-thickness burns
Burns to the dermis.
Define:
full-thickness burn
Burns through both layers of skin (epidermis and dermis).
What are the signs/symptoms of airway burns?
- stridor
- burns to pharynx
- singed nasal hairs
- airway edema
What is the Parkland burn formula?
4ml x BSA x kg
Half over first 8hrs; Half over last 16hours
Why do you apply a dry sterile dressing to full-thickness burns?
- Bacteria travels with more ease through water than air.
- Water could cause further hypothermia.
When do you use a wet sterile dressing for burns?
- superficial
- partial thickness
What is the Rule of Nines?
Estimation of surface area burned depending on the body section involved.
What is the Palm Rule?
The palm is 1% of TBSA.
What are some examples of chemical burn acids?
- Battery acid
- HCl acid
- HFl acid
What are some examples of chemical bases and alkalis?
- Potassium
- Hydroxide
- Lime
- Drain cleaner
- Lye
What are some examples of oxidizing agents?
- Hydrogen Peroxide
- Sodium Chlorate
What are some examples of phosphorus agents?
- Ammunition
- Fireworks
What are some examples of Vesicant agents?
- Sulfur Mustard
- Phosgene Oxide
Treatment:
Dry Lime exposure
- Clean as much off as possible.
- Irrigate with copious amounts of water.
Alkaline substance
Treatment:
Sodium Metal exposure
Cover burn with oil.
Treatment:
Hydrofluoric Acid exposure
Calcium gluconate of 2.5% solution
If unavailable, consider 10% calcium gluconate solution with KY jelly.
What is an arc flash burn?
When an arc makes connection with a person.
What is a flame burn from electricity?
When the electric current ignites someone’s clothing.
What is the cause of radiation burns?
Acute Radiation exposure
What are alpha particles?
Particles with little penetrating energy that are stopped by the skin.
What are beta particles?
Particles that can penetrate the skin but are blocked by simple clothing.
What are gamma particles?
Particles that can pass through the body and solid materials.
What are the signs/symptoms of acute radiation syndrome?
Hematologic, CNS and GI changes.
