NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (4) Medical > GU, Renal and Gynecologic > Flashcards

GU, Renal and Gynecologic Flashcards

Explore the GU, Renal and Gynecologic systems and the prehospital emergencies within (44 cards)

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1
Q

What are the four main organs of the urinary system?

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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2
Q

Fill in the blank:

The primary function of the kidneys is to _____ urine.

A

filter

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3
Q

What are the functional units of the kidney?

A

nephrons

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4
Q

Name the parts of the nephron.

A
  • Glomerulus
  • Glomerular capsule
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Loop of Henle
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5
Q

Fill in the blank:

The amount of filtrate produced within a certain amount of time is called the _________.

A

GFR

Glomerular Filtration Rate

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6
Q

What is the normal GFR for an adult?

A

125 ml/min

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7
Q

What two chemicals control fluid excretion in the kidneys?

A
  1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
  2. Aldosterone
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8
Q

What chemical is produced in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

ADH

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9
Q

What chemical is produced in the adrenal glands?

A

Aldosterone

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10
Q

Fill in the blank:

______ are chemicals that increase urine output.

A

Diuretics

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11
Q

What reflex is stimulated in the bladder when it is at an increased pressure?

A

micturition reflex

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12
Q

Define:

Urinary Tract Infections

UTI

A

Infections typically within the bladder and urethra, caused by skin flora entering the urinary system.

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13
Q

Name the common triad of symptoms present with a urinary tract infection.

A
  • painful urination
  • difficult urination
  • Frequent urges to urinate.
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14
Q

Fill in the blank:

The loss of bladder control is called urinary _______.

A

incontinence

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15
Q

Define:

Renal Calculi

A

kidney stones

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16
Q

Assessment

Renal Calculi

A
  • hematuria w/o a fever
  • restless
  • pain
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17
Q

Define:

acute renal failure

A

Sudden decrease in Glomerular Filtration Rate.

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18
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Hypoperfusion of the kidneys causes acute _____ _____.

Study These Flashcards
A

renal failure

19
Q

Define:

chronic renal failure

Study These Flashcards
A

Permanent loss of nephrons.

20
Q

Define:

Uremia

Study These Flashcards
A

Increased concentration of urea in the blood.

21
Q

Define:

End Stage Renal Disease

ESRD

Study These Flashcards
A

Complete loss of function for the kidneys.

22
Q

What are the two types of dialysis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Peritoneal
  2. Hemodialysis
23
Q

What is an AV shunt?

Study These Flashcards
A

An artery and vein grafted together to create a shunt.

24
Q

What electrolyte imbalance is common in dialysis patients?

25
# Define: Disequilibration syndrome
**Nausea, vomiting, headache and confusion** caused by a shift of water into the **CSF** during dialysis.
26
List causes of a **priapism**.
* sickle cell * Leukemia * tumors * spinal injury * cocaine abuse * ED drugs
27
# Define: testicular torsion
**Twisting** of the **spermatic cord**.
28
How many **follicles** can release an **oocyte?**
1
29
At what age does **menopause** typically begin?
**45-55** years old.
30
# Define: amenorrhea
Cessation of **periods**.
31
# Define: dysmenorrhea
**Painful** periods.
32
# Define: ectopic pregnancy
A **fertilized egg implants outside** the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube.
33
What are the **signs/symptoms** of **ectopic pregnancy**?
* vaginal bleeding * abdominal pain
34
# Define: Endometritis
Inflammation of the **uterine lining**.
35
What are the **signs/symptoms** of **Endometritis**?
* fever * malaise * constipation * vaginal discharge/bleeding
36
# Define: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | PID
Infection of the **ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes**.
37
# Define: Toxic Shock Syndrome
**Sepsis** developed in women during menstruation and the use of tampons.
38
The bacterium *Chlamydia trachomatis* is responsible for what **STD?**
chlamydia
39
The bacterium *Haemophilus ducreyi* is responsible for what **STD?**
chancroid
40
What type of herpes simplex virus causes **genital herpes**?
* Type I (oral herpes) * Type II (genital herpes) * Type III (varicella-zoster; not typically genital herpes)
41
What **STD** does the bacterium *Neisseria gonorrhoeae* cause?
Gonorrhea
42
**Genital warts** are caused by what **virus**?
Human Papillomavirus | HPV
43
What **STD** is caused by the bacteria *Treponema pallidum*?
Syphilis
44
What are the **three** stages of **Syphilis**?
1. Single sore 2. Rash and mucous lesions 3. Systemic: attacks on all organs
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