NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (4) Medical > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

Explore the Infectious Diseases processes and the prehospital emergencies within (41 cards)

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1
Q

Define:

communicable disease

A

An infectious disease that can be transmitted from person to person.

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2
Q

Define:

endemic

A

Infectious disease consistently present in a specific area.

Eg. one state

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3
Q

Define:

epidemic

A

Infectious disease affecting a larger-than-expected number of individuals in a region.

Eg. North America

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4
Q

Define:

pandemic

A

Infectious disease spread throughout the world.

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5
Q

Name the four types of pathogenic microorganisms.

A
  • viruses
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • parasites
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6
Q

Define:

contact transmission

A

Transmission of infectious disease by direct contact.

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7
Q

Define:

droplet transmission

A

Transmission of infectious disease by cough or sneezing.

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8
Q

Define:

airborne transmission

A

Transmission of infectious disease by aerosolized particles.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank:

A _____ is an organism that transmits pathogens from one host to another.

A

vector

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10
Q

Who is responsible for ensuring you receive post-exposure treatment if you are exposed?

A

Designated Infection Control Officer

DICO

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11
Q

What act requires a hospital to share a patient’s test results if they have been exposed?

A

Ryan White CARE Act

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12
Q

Define:

standard precautions

A

Basic infection control practices used on every call, including PPE, hand hygiene, and respiratory etiquette.

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13
Q

What are the six things that determine the risk of infection?

A
  • type of organism
  • dose of organism
  • virulence of organism
  • entry path
  • host resistance
  • host defense
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14
Q

Define:

virulence

A

The capacity of an organism to invade a host.

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15
Q

What is an incubation period?

A

The time it takes from exposure to symptoms of an organism.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank:

The period in which a person can transmit an illness is called the __________ period.

A

communicable

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16
Q

What condition is caused by the bacterium N. meningitidis?

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A

Meningococcal meningitis

17
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of Meningococcal meningitis?

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A
  • Brudzinski sign
  • Kernig sign
  • purple rash
  • photosensitivity
18
Q

What is the incubation period for Tuberculosis?

19
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of Tuberculosis?

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A

Cough lasting three weeks or more, often with:

  • fever
  • night sweats
  • weight loss
  • fatigue
  • hemoptysis
  • chest pain
20
Q

Define:

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

RSV

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A

Lower respiratory tract infection that occurs in younger, older and immunocompromised people.

21
Q

What disease is caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus?

EBV

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A

Mononucleosis

22
Q

What is the incubation period for Mononucleosis?

23
Q

What is the incubation period for Influenza?

24
What **infection** is caused by the parasite **Sarcoptes scabiei**?
Scabies
25
What is the transmission route of **Hepatitis A**?
**Fecal-oral route** via contaminated food or water.
26
What is the transmission route of **Hepatitis B**?
**Bloodborne transmission** through sexual contact, contaminated needles, or transfusion. ## Footnote Note: B is for **_B_**lood.
27
What is the transmission route of **Hepatitis C**?
**Blood-to-blood transmission** through sexual contact, needles, organ donation, or transfusion. ## Footnote Note: C is **_C_**irculation.
28
What is the transmission route of **Hepatitis D**?
**Percutaneous** exposure. ## Footnote *Must have Hep B in order to get Hep D*.
29
What is the transmission route of **Hepatitis E**?
**Fecal-oral transmission** due to contaminated water or food. ## Footnote *REMEMBER: _FE_ is* ***_E_***
30
What causes the **West Nile Virus**?
Transmission from **mosquitoes**.
30
What **disease** is caused by the insect transmitting the bacterium *Borrelia burgdorferi*?
Lyme disease
31
What are the **signs/symptoms** of **Lyme disease**?
* joint pain * memory impairment * fatigue * arthritis
32
What **disease** is caused by the bacterium *Rickettsia rickettsii*?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
33
Name the **two transmission routes** for **Tetanus**.
1. puncture wound 2. street drugs
34
What **infection** is caused by the bacterium *Staphylococcus aureus*?
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus | MRSA
35
# Fill in the blank: The multi-drug resistant *Clostridium Difficile* is also known as \_\_\_\_.
C. Diff
36
What are the **signs/symptoms** of **C. Diff**?
* watery-green, foul diarrhea * fever * nausea/vomiting
37
What is the **German Measles** called?
Rubella
38
# Fill in the blank: The **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** is also known as *Varicella Zoster*.
chickenpox
39
# Fill in the blank: **Pertussis** is also known as **\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_**.
whooping cough
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