Certified Sommelier Exam (CMS 2) > World Sparkling Wines > Flashcards

World Sparkling Wines Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 3 other names used for Classic / Traditional Method?

A
  1. Champagne Method
  2. Méthode Traditionnelle
  3. Metodo Classico
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2
Q

Give 5 examples of wines made using Traditional Method.

A
  1. Champagne
  2. Crémant
  3. Cava
  4. Franciacorta
  5. Cap Classique
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3
Q

In order, list the 7 basic steps to making sparkling wine using the Traditional Method.

A
  1. Making still wine.
  2. Assemblage of cuvée.
  3. Creating bubbles using liqueur de tirage.
  4. Sur Lie aging.
  5. Riddling (Remuage) using pupitre or gyropalette.
  6. Disgorging (Dégorgement).
  7. Dosage using liqueur d’expédition.
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4
Q
  • What are the components of liqueur de tirage?
  • What does the tirage do?
A
  • Mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents.
  • Serves to ignite the second fermentation.
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5
Q

What is the composition of the liqueur d’expédition?

A

It’s a liquid mixture of sugar syrup and wine.

Commonly used sugars include beet sugar and RCGM.

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6
Q

Describe the Transfer Method.

A
  • Identical to the Classic Method up to completion of second fermentation.
  • Secondary fermentation occurs.
  • in bottle.
  • The bottles are disgorged under pressure into large tanks.
  • The wine is then filtered and then rebottled.
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7
Q

What are 2 advantages of Transfer Method?

A
  • Lees contact for flavor is obtained.
  • Riddling is eliminated.
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8
Q

The Transfer Method is used for what sized bottles?

A
  • Extra large format bottles.
  • Extra small format bottles.
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9
Q

What are 2 other names used for Charmat Method?

A
  1. Tank Method.
  2. Cuve Close.
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10
Q

Describe Charmat Method.

A
  1. Secondary fermentation occurs in pressurized tanks.
  2. Fermentation is complete in 4-5 days.
  3. The wine is filtered and then bottled.
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11
Q

Give 3 examples of wines that use Charmat Method.

A
  1. Prosecco
  2. Moscato d’Asti
  3. Lambrusco
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12
Q

What are 3 advantages of using Charmat Method?

A
  1. Saves an immense amount of time and cost with no riddling or disgorging.
  2. Can be as little as 90 days from harvest to final bottling (it’s fast!).
  3. This is the best process for making sparkling wine from aromatic grape varieties.
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13
Q

Describe Méthod Ancestrale.

A
  • Primary fermentation is paused mid-way.
  • The wines are bottled and the fermentation finishes inside the bottle.
  • The CO2 produced is trapped in the bottle.
  • There is no requirement to remove the sediment by disgorging.
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14
Q

What are 3 other names used for Méthod Ancestrale?

A
  1. Ancestral Method
  2. Méthode Rurale
  3. Pétillant Naturel (a.k.a. “Pet-nat”)
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15
Q

Pét-Nats are bottled at a higher or lower pressure than Traditional Method sparkling wines?

A

Bottled at much lower pressure.

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16
Q

Why are grapes like Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Blanc most suitable to make sparkling wines using the Traditional Method?

A
  • Traditional Method highlights the autolytic aromas (bread, pastry dough, biscuit) from sur lie aging, and the neutral aromatics from Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Blanc make them suited for this method of winemaking.
  • The autolytic aromas aren’t well suited for aromatic varieties such as Muscat or Glera.
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17
Q

How does the method used to make sparkling wine impact the final style?

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A
  • Traditional Method sparkling wines will have a longer, more consistent perlage lending elegance and a more creamy mousse.
  • Charmat Method sparkling wines will have a frothier mousse that dies faster than Traditional Method wines.
  • The base wine of any Charmat or Traditional Method wine ideally needs to be of good quality as any faults will be accentuated by bubbles.
18
Q

Why is Traditional Method sparkling wine almost always more expensive than a Charmat Method sparkling wine?

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A
  • Charmat Method wines are made cheaply and quickly in large tanks, so there are lower labor costs and the turnaround time is quicker (sometimes only a handful of months from press to release), whereas Traditional Method wines typically spend at least 9 months sur lie and then time in bottle before being released to market.
  • Traditional Method wines also have to be riddled, which adds time and cost.
19
Q

What does the term ‘Crémant’ in France mean?

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A

French sparkling wine produced by méthode traditionnelle made outside the Champagne region.

20
Q

Give 3 examples of Crémants in France.

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A
  1. Crémant de Bourgogne
  2. Crémant d’Alsace
  3. Crémant de Loire
21
Q

What is a Gyropalette?

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A

A computer-controlled machine for riddling (remuage).

  • It sporadically vibrates while also slowly moving bottles from horizontal to a vertical position, with the cap facing downwards.
  • Manual riddling takes up to eight weeks to complete whereas Gyropalette riddling takes three to four days.

Gyropalettes are very efficient, and they save time and money (for labor).

22
Q

How many bottles does a Gyropalette hold?

23
Q

Name 2 Grande Marque Champagne houses.

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Ruinart
  2. Taittinger
24
Q

Name 2 grower Champagne houses.

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Georges Laval
  2. Agrapart
25
Name a Crémant de Bourgogne producer.
François Mikulski
26
Name a Crémant d’Alsace producer.
Albert Boxler
27
Name a Crémant de Loire producer.
Arnaud Lambert
28
Name 2 Cava producers.
1. Avinyó 2. Juve y Camps
29
Name 2 Franciacorta producers.
1. Bellavista 2. Ca' del Bosco
30
Name 2 Cap Classique producers.
1. Graham Beck 2. Simonsig
31
Name 2 Prosecco producers.
1. Mionetto 2. Frozza
32
Name 2 Moscato d’Asti producers.
1. G.D. Vajra 2. Vietti
33
Name 2 Lambrusco producers.
1. Zanasi 2. Paltrineri
34
Name 2 Méthod Ancestrale producers.
1. Patrick Bottex (Cerdon de Bugey, France) 2. Auntsfield (Marlborough, NZ)
35
What foods generally pair best with Traditional Method sparkling wines?
* Can be **simple** **and straightforward**, e.g. raw oysters * **Salty/crunchy**, e.g. potato chips or fried chicken * Composed, **savory entrées**, e.g. roast chicken ## Footnote You can find a Champagne that will go with anything.
36
What foods generally pair best with Charmat Method sparkling wines?
* Antipasti * Cured meats * Simple cheese and charcuterie plates * Pickled foods * Snacks * Picnics
37
What are the 3 main grapes that go into making Champagne?
1. Chardonnay 2. Pinot Noir 3. Pinot Meunier
38
Can you pair Champagne with dessert?
Yes! ## Footnote Go for Demi-Sec, such as Billecart-Salmon's or Pol Roger's 'Sir Winston Churchill' and pair with strawberries and crème fraîche. Avoid pairing desserts with low dosage wines.
39
Is Cava a DO or a sparkling wine?
* It's both. * While 95% of Cava comes from Penedès (the DO is in Catalunya), there are also areas in Aragón, Euskadi, Extremadura, La Rioja, Navarra, and València that are authorized to make Cava wine.
40
What is Corpinnat?
**A collective brand** registered with the European Union. As of May 2021, it **comprises 11 estates located within a strictly delimited region inside the existing DO of Penedès**. ## Footnote Read more about it [here](https://www.europeancellars.com/corpinnat/).
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