3. B. Relationships and Mental and Emotional Health Flashcards

Question

What is a **Cesarean section** (C-section)?

Answer 1

A surgical procedure to deliver a baby through an **incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus**. ## Footnote C-sections are performed when a vaginal birth is not safe for the mother or baby.

Answer 2

Tachycardia ## Footnote Tachycardia is a **high heart rate** caused by increased chemical signals.

Answer 3

Naltrexone ## Footnote Naltrexone blocks the effects of the opioid receptors targeted by heroin.

Answer 4

* Positive reinforcement * Multidimensional family therapy * Cognitive-behavioral therapy ## Footnote These approaches are essential alongside medication.

Answer 5

Between **six and twelve** months. ## Footnote This program is designed to help individuals learn to live drug-free.

Answer 6

Problems arising from substance use measured on a scale from **1 to 11**, or **mild to severe**. ## Footnote SUD is specific to the substance being used, such as alcohol.

Answer 7

* Taking in more of the substance than intended. * Trying to cut down or quit. * Spending a lot of time getting, using, and recovering from use. * Craving the substance. ## Footnote These criteria are classified as **1-4 in the DSM-5**.

Answer 8

* Negative effects in fulfilling responsibilities at work, school, or home. * Using despite social or interpersonal problems. * Reducing normal activities due to use. ## Footnote These criteria are classified as **5-7 in the DSM-5**.

Answer 9

* Changes in behaviors * Anger * Depression * Anxiety * Low self-esteem * Unusual fear ## Footnote Other signs may include: * Aggression * Bruises * Nightmares

Answer 10

* Physical abuse * Neglect * Psychological abuse * Sexual abuse and exploitation ## Footnote Each type has distinct characteristics and effects.

Answer 11

Involves **physically injuring a child** through: * Hitting * Burning * Beatings * Suffocating * Stabbing * Poisoning * Throwing ## Footnote It can also involve encouraging children to harm others.

Answer 12

Occurs when a caregiver **fails to provide essential needs**, such as: * Food * Housing * Clothing * Medical care * Education * Attention * Supervision ## Footnote The four types of neglect are: * Physical neglect * Medical neglect * Educational neglect * Emotional neglect

Answer 13

Occurs when a caregiver fails to provide education to a child, such as **not enrolling them in school**. ## Footnote This can hinder a child's future opportunities.

Answer 14

Occurs when parents fail to respond to a child's emotional needs, **leading to feelings of worthlessness**. ## Footnote Examples include not acknowledging a child's feelings or ignoring their need for affection.

Answer 15

They are responsible for **reporting suspected child abuse** to authorities for intervention. ## Footnote This helps ensure the child receives necessary protection and support.

Answer 16

Involves verbal, mental, and emotional damage through **derogatory statements and ridicule**. ## Footnote Behavior intended to undermine a person's well-being or self-esteem.

Answer 17

* Attacks on a victim's character * Obscenities * Negative tones * Exploitation * Excessive teasing * Harmful threats * Silent treatment * Gaslighting ## Footnote These characteristics can severely affect the victim's mental health.

Answer 18

* Difficulty concentrating * Moodiness * Muscle tension * Nightmares * Racing heartbeat * Various aches and pains ## Footnote Short-term effects can significantly disrupt daily life.

Answer 19

* Depression * Anti-social behaviors * Low self-esteem * Intellectual deficits * Academic difficulties * Health problems * Shyness * Anxiety ## Footnote Long-term effects can lead to severe mental health issues.

Answer 20

* Undue pressure on others. * Subjectivity to others. * Humiliating acts of behavior. * Untreated mental health problems. * Exploitation of others. ## Footnote Psychological abuse is often a precursor to physical abuse.

Answer 21

Any touching of a sexual nature that is **against the victim's will**. ## Footnote Sexual assault can range from non-consensual touching to forceful sexual acts.

Answer 22

* Embarrassment. * Fear of not being believed. * Fear of retaliation. ## Footnote These factors contribute to the **underreporting** of sexual assault cases.

Answer 23

Refers to depictions of **physical aggression** in television, movies, or video games. ## Footnote Media violence is prevalent in various forms of entertainment and has been a subject of extensive research.

Answer 24

* Inspire imitation of violence. * Reduce sympathy for targets of violence. * Make people suspicious of others' intentions. ## Footnote These effects can lead to increased aggression in viewers.

Answer 25

* **Correlation** implies a relationship between two events. * **Causation** indicates that one event directly causes another. ## Footnote Understanding this distinction is crucial when analyzing the effects of media violence.

Answer 26

Periods of unusual and extreme emotions. ## Footnote The main types of mood disorders discussed are: * Major depression * Persistent depressive disorder * Bipolar disorder

Answer 27

* Persistent Sadness * Loss of Interest * Changes in Appetite or Weight * Sleep Disturbances * Fatigue * Feelings of Worthlessness or Guilt * Difficulty Concentrating * Psychomotor Agitation or Retardation * Thoughts of Death or Suicide ## Footnote Major depressive episodes are often set off by **traumatizing events**.

Answer 28

* Low levels of **serotonin**. * Low levels of **norepinephrine**. * Differences in **brain structure**.

Answer 29

* Low self-esteem. * General negative emotionality. * Tendency to blame self for bad things.

Answer 30

Antidepressants ## Footnote Antidepressants are specifically designed to treat major depressive disorders.

Answer 31

Causes people to remain **longer** than usual **at both ends** of the mood spectrum.

Answer 32

* Feeling of being high * Decreased need for sleep * Inflated self-esteem * Fast speech * General agitation

Answer 33

A condition where a person is **extremely preoccupied** with a: * Perceived physical defect * Flaw in their appearance ## Footnote BDD can significantly interfere with daily life and is often associated with **obsessive behaviors**.

Answer 34

* Spending excessive time in front of the mirror * Obsessing over a 'problem' feature * Compulsive grooming behaviors

Answer 35

Media images of **'perfect' bodies** can pressure individuals, particularly girls and young women, to focus on their perceived flaws.

Answer 36

* Anorexia * Bulimia ## Footnote Both disorders involve extreme measures to **reduce weight**, even when a person may not be overweight.

Answer 37

**Adolescents** are more likely to experience body image issues as they define their identity. ## Footnote They are more susceptible to **cultural and media influences** without adult understanding.

Answer 38

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by: * Body dysmorphia. * Fear of weight gain. * Obsessive desire to avoid food. * Obsessive desire to lose weight. ## Footnote **Body dysmorphia is a distorted self-body image**, where individuals may see themselves as overweight even when underweight.

Answer 39

Severe **restriction of calorie** intake, often consuming only **600-800** calories per day. ## Footnote This is significantly lower than the recommended intake for healthy dieting.

Answer 40

* Loss of menstrual periods * Kidney and heart malfunctions * Dental problems * Osteoporosis * Risk of death ## Footnote The severe calorie restriction can lead to **life-threatening conditions**.

Answer 41

* Restoring a healthy weight. * Addressing psychological symptoms. ## Footnote **A multi-faceted approach** is essential for effective treatment. This approach involves collaboration among various healthcare professionals and the patient’s family.

Answer 42

Counsel individuals on the **importance of nutrients** and food as an energy source. ## Footnote They ensure individuals understand how proper nutrition supports overall health.

Answer 43

An eating disorder characterized by: * Misconceptions of body image. * Obsession with losing weight. ## Footnote Bulimia nervosa is often misunderstood and oversimplified.

Answer 44

This involves a cycle of **binging and purging**, where individuals eat large amounts of food and then attempt to rid themselves of calories through: * Vomiting * Laxatives * Excessive exercise ## Footnote Bulimic individuals may maintain a normal body weight but suffer from medical consequences due to purging.

Answer 45

* Malnourishment. * Kidney damage from water pills. * Erosion of teeth from vomiting. * Bowel unresponsiveness from laxatives. ## Footnote These health risks highlight the severe consequences of bulimia nervosa.

Answer 46

Stress can lead to **unhealthy coping mechanisms**, including binge eating, which **creates a cycle of stress** and loss of control. ## Footnote Individuals may use food as an escape from stress, leading to further issues.

Answer 47

* Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) * Nutritional counseling * Medication (e.g., antidepressants) * Support groups * Hospitalization (in severe cases) ## Footnote The treatment approach often combines psychological support with medical intervention.

Answer 48

* Education * Simple stress management techniques * Nutritional Counseling * Medication ## Footnote Early intervention can lead to better outcomes.

Answer 49

A condition characterized by **eating** large amounts of food with a **lack of control** overeating. ## Footnote It involves eating more than typical amounts, often leading to feelings of **guilt and discomfort**.

Answer 50

1. Recurrent eating in a short periods of time larger than most others. 2. Lack of control overeating. 3. Rapid eating, uncomfortable fullness, eating when not hungry. 4. Distress overeating for at least three months. ## Footnote These criteria help differentiate binge-eating disorder from other eating disorders.

Answer 51

Cognitive behavioral therapy | (CBT) ## Footnote This therapy focuses on changing unhealthy thoughts and behaviors.

Answer 52

A **vicious cycle** of weight loss and weight gain. ## Footnote Each cycle can further lower self-esteem and complicate the management of weight. Obesity leads to further psychological problems.

Answer 53

Therapy and support. ## Footnote A nutritionist and medical intervention can also be beneficial.

Answer 54

An unhealthy, distressed preoccupation with the idea that one's body is **not lean and muscular**.

Answer 55

A type of **mental** health condition characterized by **excessive and persistent** fear, worry, or nervousness that **disrupts** daily life. ## Footnote Anxiety disorders can lead to intense fear reactions to specific situations or stimuli.

Answer 56

Experiencing signs of anxiety while maintaining a **regular or high level of performance in daily life**. ## Footnote Individuals with high-functioning anxiety may **appear successful but struggle internally**.

Answer 57

A natural and adaptive response to stressors that can **motivate and enhance performance**. ## Footnote For example, feeling nervous **before an exam** can motivate a student to prepare.

Answer 58

**Traumatic or highly stressful situations** can lead to lingering feelings of anxiety. ## Footnote The mind can retain stress responses even after the events have passed.

Answer 59

A serious head injury that **disrupts normal brain functioning**, potentially leading to anxiety development or worsening. ## Footnote TBIs can alter how the brain processes emotions and stress.

Answer 60

* Substances that boost energy and attention. * Abuse can cause excessive brain activity, triggering anxiety symptoms. ## Footnote This includes feelings of restlessness and panic.

Answer 61

**Emotional, physical, and behavioral** symptoms, including: * Overwhelming fear * Unease * Excessive worry * Fatigue * Difficulty Concentrating * Irritability * Muscle Tension * Sleep Disturbances * Panic Attacks * Avoidance ## Footnote These symptoms can make managing anxiety challenging.

Answer 62

* Sweating * Trembling * Dizziness * Restlessness * Irritability * Insomnia ## Footnote These symptoms can vary in intensity and can significantly impact daily life.

Answer 63

A mental health disorder characterized by persistent and excessive **worry about daily life aspects**. ## Footnote GAD can disrupt daily activities and overall well-being, often accompanied by physical symptoms like **muscle tension**.

Answer 64

A prevalent form of anxiety disorder involving strong anxiety **in situations where one might be observed or evaluated**. ## Footnote This condition goes beyond typical shyness and can significantly affect daily life and relationships.

Answer 65

Marked by recurrent and unforeseen panic attacks involving **rapid-onset fear or discomfort**. ## Footnote These attacks often include physical symptoms like **chest pain and dizziness**, leading to avoidance of locations linked to past attacks.

Answer 66

Intense and irrational **fears** of specific: * things * situations * activities ## Footnote The anxiety experienced can lead to significant physical reactions, prompting individuals to avoid triggers.

Answer 67

A condition characterized by **distressing thoughts** (obsessions) and **repetitive actions** (compulsions). ## Footnote These compulsions are intended to ease anxiety, but can disrupt daily life.

Answer 68

**Cognitive Behavioral Therapy** (CBT) and **Medications** ## Footnote Antidepressants are often preferred due to their effectiveness.

Answer 69

A mental condition that causes a person to have a **break from reality**. ## Footnote Psychotic disorders include conditions like: * Schizophrenia * Delusional disorder

Answer 70

Jumbled or disorganized thoughts that manifest in **speech or writing patterns**. ## Footnote Diagnosis may occur when **speech lacks coherence or meaning**.

Answer 71

To **manage** and **alleviate** the symptoms of mental health disorders. ## Footnote These medications work by influencing the brain's chemistry, specifically neurotransmitters that affect mood, behavior, and thought processes.

Answer 72

**Chemicals in the brain** that allow brain cells, called neurons, to communicate with each other.

Answer 73

Schizoaffective disorder ## Footnote This includes symptoms of both schizophrenia and conditions like depression.

Answer 74

* Brief Psychotic Disorder * Dementia * Parkinson's Disease * Schizophrenia * Schizoaffective disorder * Schizophreniform disorder * Substance-induced psychotic disorder * Paraphrenia ## Footnote Understanding these related disorders is important for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.

Answer 75

A type of **psychotherapy** where people with similar problems meet to work on common issues. ## Footnote The **primary purpose** of group therapy is to provide **support and resources** to individuals struggling with personal issues.

Answer 76

* Involves families, couples, or strangers with a common goal. * Held in a safe space. * Group therapists may have diverse training. * Encourages self-care activities. * Promotes sharing personal experiences. * Inclusive of children and adolescents. * Begins with an intake session. ## Footnote Group therapy sessions foster trust and understanding among participants.

Answer 77

* A sense of belonging. * A feeling of safety. * Connection with others. * Empowerment. * Better understanding of self. * Tackling problems. * Increased self-awareness. ## Footnote Group therapy is effective for various psychological disorders.

Answer 78

* Achieve self-awareness. * Understand how the past affects present behavior. ## Footnote This may involve exploring unresolved conflicts from previous relationships.

Answer 79

* Facilitating changes in behavior. * Improving relationship skills. * Developing coping strategies. * Strengthening decision-making abilities. * Personal development. ## Footnote Goals may be set after assessments or interviews.

Answer 80

To help individuals **understand** and **manage** their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.

Answer 81

A form of therapy involving **two** therapists and **8-15** individuals, focusing on **shared** problems. ## Footnote Group counseling addresses issues like: * Anxiety * Depression * Anger * Grief

Answer 82

* Focusing on educating individuals about their issues. * Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques. ## Footnote These groups are commonly found in schools.

Answer 83

**Short-term** therapy groups focusing on **one central issue** with specialized therapists. ## Footnote Members help each other by sharing personal experiences related to the issue.

3. B. Relationships and Mental and Emotional Health Flashcards

This deck covers factors influencing relationships, including socioeconomics, family dynamics, communication, decision-making, psychosocial development, human sexuality, and strategies for promoting healthy interactions, preventing abuse, and addressing mental health. (108 cards)