Type of risk that affects the entire market and cannot be diversified away.
e.g., interest rates, inflation, recession
Systematic Risk
Type of risk that is specific to a company or industry and can be reduced through diversification.
e.g., business or financial risk
Unsystematic Risk
The risk of losses due to overall market movements.
Example: A broad stock market decline affects all equities
Market Risk
Changes in this will negatively affect the value of an investment, particularly bonds. When this rises, bond prices typically fall.
Interest Rate Risk
The risk that the purchasing power of money will decline, eroding the real return of investments if returns do not keep pace
Inflation Risk
The risk that an investment cannot be quickly sold or converted to cash without a significant loss in value.
Liquidity Risk
The risk that a borrower (such as a bond issuer) will fail to make required interest or principal payments.
Credit Risk (Default Risk)
The risk that future proceeds (such as bond coupon payments) will be reinvested at a lower rate than the original investment.
Reinvestment Risk
The risk of loss due to fluctuations in exchange rates when investing in foreign assets.
Currency (Exchange Rate) Risk
The risk that political events or instability in a country will negatively impact investment returns, particularly in international investments.
Political (Country) Risk
The risk that a specific company will perform poorly due to internal issues such as management decisions, product failures, or financial mismanagement.
Business Risk
The risk of significant losses due to a lack of diversification, where too much is invested in a single security, sector, or geographic region.
Concentration Risk