1
Q
Define:
Political science
A
The study of politics, including the activity of governments, political processes, political behavior, and political ideologies.
It examines power distribution and governance at different levels.
2
Q
Define:
Politics
A
Process of making collective decisions, often within a government, to allocate power, resources, and responsibilities in society.
It involves institutions, actors, and ideologies that shape governance and public policies.
3
Q
True or False:
Political science only focuses on government institutions.
A
False
It also examines political behavior, policies, and power relations.
4
Q
Explain why political science is considered a science.
A
It uses the scientific method to analyze political phenomena.
Researchers develop hypotheses, collect data, and draw evidence-based conclusions.
5
Q
Fill in the blank:
The scientific method in political science minimizes ______.
A
bias
It ensures objectivity and reproducibility.
6
Q
What are the main methods used in political science?
A
- Qualitative methods: case studies, interviews, and ethnography.
- Quantitative methods: statistical analysis and surveys.
- Comparative methods: comparing different political entities.
These methods help in understanding political phenomena and developing theories.
7
Q
What are qualitative methods in political science?
A
Research methods that focus on in-depth understanding of political phenomena through case studies, interviews, and ethnography.
Qualitative methods provide rich, detailed insights but may lack generalizability.
8
Q
Fill in the blanks:
Quantitative methods rely on ______ ______ to identify patterns and correlations.
A
numerical data
Statistical analysis is a quantitative method in political science
9
Q
Explain why political scientists use case studies.
A
To analyze specific political phenomena in-depth.
They provide detailed contextual insights.
10
Q
Fill in the blanks:
Comparative methods involve analyzing different ______ ______ to identify patterns and differences in political structures and behavior.
A
political entities
Comparative politics examines countries, governments, or policies to draw broader conclusions.
11
Q
True or False:
Surveys are a type of qualitative method.
A
False
Surveys collect structured, numerical data, making them a quantitative method.
12
Q
Define:
Ethnography
A
A qualitative method where researchers immerse themselves in a political community to understand behaviors and norms.
Ethnography is commonly used in political anthropology and grassroots studies.
13
Q
Fill in the blank:
Interviews allow researchers to collect ______-______ data directly from political actors or citizens.
A
first-hand
Interviews can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured, depending on research needs.
14
Q
What is content analysis in political science?
A
A method used to systematically analyze political texts, speeches, or media content.
Content analysis can be both qualitative and quantitative.
15
Q
Why are mixed-method approaches valuable in political science?
A
They combine qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a more comprehensive understanding of political phenomena.
Mixed methods balance depth and generalizability.
16
Q
What is a longitudinal study in political science?
A
A study that tracks political behavior or institutions over time to analyze trends and changes.
Longitudinal studies help understand political transformations.
17
Q
Fill in the blank:
Big data analysis in political science helps researchers identify ______ in large-scale political behavior.
A
patterns
Social media and election data are commonly analyzed using big data techniques.
18
Q
What is the purpose of political theory?
A
To explore ideas, concepts, and principles that underpin political systems and behavior.
They help in explaining how political processes work and in predicting future political outcomes.
19
Q
Fill in the blanks:
Political science employs both ______ and ______ approaches.
A
Normative; Empirical
Normative focuses on ideals and principles and empirical relies on data and observations.
20
Q
Fill in the blank:
Studies of voting behavior and legislative decision-making are examples of the ______ approach.
A
Empirical
They rely on data collection and statistical analysis to understand political phenomena.
21
Q
True or False:
Theories of justice and democratic ideals are examples of the empirical approach in political science.
A
False
These belong to the normative approach because they focus on what ought to be rather than observable data.
22
Q
True or False:
Normative political science describes existing political institutions.
A
False
It focuses on how political systems ought to operate.
It differs from empirical political science, which analyzes reality.
23
Q
Fill in the blanks:
A key approach in normative political science that evaluates governance based on fairness and justice is the ______ ______ theory.
A
social contract
It argues that political legitimacy comes from collective agreement.
24
Q
Describe:
social contract theory
A
It holds that human beings in a state of nature, or before they are part of a society, will voluntarily give up some of their rights in order to join a society and enjoy its benefits.
Society then provides them with security, prosperity and more material goods than they would not have had otherwise.
25
What does the **Rawls' veil of ignorance** represent in normative political science?
It ensures **fairness** by making decisions without knowing personal advantages.
## Footnote
**Rawls' theory of justice** aims for impartiality in political design.
26
Why do **thought experiments** matter in normative political science?
They test the logic and implications of political theories in **hypothetical scenarios**.
## Footnote
Examples include Rawls' veil of ignorance and Hobbes' state of nature.
27
# Fill in the blanks:
A \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ to politics evaluates actions based on **moral duties and rules** rather than consequences.
deontological approach
## Footnote
This contrasts with consequentialism, which focuses on outcomes.
28
# Fill in the blank:
**Empirical political science** aims to establish \_\_\_\_\_\_ relationships by analyzing political data and trends.
causal
## Footnote
Empirical research seeks to determine how political variables influence each other, such as the impact of campaign spending on election outcomes.
29
What is a **generalization** in empirical political science?
A broad statement or principle derived from **patterns observed** in political data, used to explain political phenomena across different contexts.
## Footnote
Generalizations help simplify complex political systems but must account for exceptions and biases.
30
# True or False:
All facts in political science are universally accepted and free from **ideological influence**.
False
## Footnote
Political facts can be controversial due to selective interpretations, media bias, and ideological differences.
31
Explain why empirical political science considers **research design** crucial.
A well-structured research design ensures **validity and reliability**, reducing biases in data collection and interpretation.
## Footnote
Research design determines the accuracy of conclusions drawn from political studies.
32
# Fill in the blank:
**Quantitative research** in empirical political science involves analyzing \_\_\_\_\_\_ data to identify trends and patterns.
numerical
## Footnote
Statistical methods in political science use numerical data to examine electoral trends, public opinion, and policy impacts.
33
What is **political behavior**?
It refers to how **individuals and groups engage in political processes**, influenced by psychology, social factors, and rational decision-making.
## Footnote
It includes voting, protests, political socialization, and public opinion formation.
34
# Fill in the blanks:
\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ is the theory that people **make decisions** based on self-interest and cost-benefit calculations.
Rational choice theory
## Footnote
This theory assumes individuals act strategically to maximize personal benefits in politics.
35
# True or False:
**Political socialization** is the process by which individuals develop their political beliefs and values.
True
## Footnote
Agents of political socialization include family, education, media, and social experiences.
36
Why is **game theory** useful for understanding political decision-making?
It **models** how political leaders and citizens make **strategic choices** based on their interests and the expected actions of others. It helps explain voting behavior, negotiations, and international diplomacy.
## Footnote
The **prisoner's dilemma** illustrates why cooperation can be difficult, even when mutually beneficial.
37
# Fill in the blank:
The **ultimatum game** suggests that people value \_\_\_\_\_\_ as much as self-interest in decision-making.
fairness
## Footnote
The ultimatum game shows that individuals reject unfair offers, explaining public reactions to inequality and populist movements.
38
# Define:
political culture
It refers to the **set of attitudes, beliefs, and values** that shape political behavior and institutions in a society.
## Footnote
It influences how citizens perceive authority, engage in politics, and support political systems.
39
What are key concepts in **political philosophy**?
Liberty, equality, justice.
## Footnote
These principles shape different political ideologies and legal systems.
40
How did **Socrates** and **Aristotle** contribute to **political philosophy**?
* **Socrates** discussed the concept of a **philosopher king**, an enlightened man that rules a society with the best intentions of the people in mind.
* **Aristotle** created the concept of **deductive reasoning**, which is using basic premises to build up to larger truths - an important tool for both logic and science.
## Footnote
Each contributed to modern-day discussions about **justice**, the organization of society, and what the best form of government is.
41
Why is the **nature vs. nurture** debate relevant in political behavior?
It helps **explain whether political attitudes** are shaped more by genetics or social influences.
## Footnote
Some studies suggest a mix of biological predispositions and environmental factors shape political beliefs.
42
How does **political philosophy** influence **government policies**?
Political philosophy provides **ethical frameworks** that shape policies on rights, justice, and governance.
## Footnote
Ideologies like egalitarianism, communitarianism, and libertarianism inform real-world policymaking.
43
# Define:
Equality
Principle of treating all individuals or groups the same, ensuring fair access to rights, opportunities, and resources **without discrimination**.
## Footnote
It includes concepts like formal equality (equal treatment under the law) and substantive equality (ensuring fair outcomes).
44
# True or False:
**Justice** is only concerned with punishing wrongdoing.
False
## Footnote
Justice also involves fair distribution of resources (distributive justice) and ensuring fair legal processes (procedural justice).
45
Explain why **liberty** is essential in a democratic society.
Liberty allows individuals to **express their opinions, make choices, and participate in governance** without undue restrictions, which is crucial for democracy.
## Footnote
**Negative liberty** means freedom from interference, while **positive liberty** involves having the means to act freely.
46
# Define:
**Power** in political science
The ability to influence or outright control the behavior of **people and institutions**, whether through persuasion, coercion, or authority.
## Footnote
It is central to governance and political interactions.
47
# Define:
Authority
The **legitimate power** to make decisions and enforce rules.
## Footnote
Authority is accepted by society and distinguishes legitimate power from coercion.
47
What is the relationship between **politics and power**?
Politics is the process through which **power is distributed and exercised** in society to make collective decisions.
## Footnote
Power in politics can be coercive (force-based) or persuasive (influence-based), shaping governance and policies.
48
What is **legitimacy** in political science?
General belief that a rule, institution, or leader has the **right to govern**.
## Footnote
Legitimacy is essential for political stability, as it underpins the acceptance and respect for political authority.
49
Explain the importance of **legitimacy** in a political system.
Legitimacy ensures **acceptance of authority** by the governed.
## Footnote
It is the general belief that the government has the right to rule or exercise authority and contributes to political stability.
50
What is the **difference** between power, authority, and legitimacy?
**Power** is the ability to influence or outright control the behavior of people. **Authority** is the recognized right to exercise power. **Legitimacy** is the acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or a regime.
## Footnote
These concepts are foundational to understanding political systems.
51
What is **governance**?
The process of **decision-making and policy implementation** within a political system.
## Footnote
It includes both formal and informal structures.
52
# Define:
Sovereignty
The **authority of a state to govern itself** or political entity to govern itself and its territory.
## Footnote
It is often associated with state power and legitimacy of governments.
53
What is a **nation**?
Group of people who share **common cultural elements** such as language, history, ethnicity, or traditions, often with a sense of collective identity.
## Footnote
A nation may or may not have political sovereignty, as seen in stateless nations like the Kurds.
54
# Fill in the blank:
A \_\_\_\_\_\_ is a political entity with a **defined territory**, a permanent population, a government, and the ability to engage in international relations.
state
## Footnote
A state must have sovereignty to control its affairs without external interference.
55
# True or False:
An entity can be a **state** without being a **nation**.
True
## Footnote
A state is a political organization with sovereignty over a territory, while a nation is a cultural or ethnic group. Some states, like the U.S., are multinational.
56
What is the **difference** between a state and a nation-state?
A **state** is political entity with sovereignty, while a **nation-state** is a state whose population shares a common national identity.
## Footnote
Examples of nation-states include Japan, while multinational states like Canada have multiple national identities.
57
What is a **constitution**?
Set of **fundamental principles** or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity.
## Footnote
It defines the structure, powers, and limits of government institutions, and the rights of citizens.
58
How does **popular sovereignty** relate to the **Constitution**?
Popular sovereignty ensures that the Constitution derives its **authority from the people**, who elect representatives and can amend laws.
## Footnote
The phrase "We the People" in the U.S. Constitution reflects this principle.
59
What type of **sovereignty** does the **U.S. government** have?
* **Popular sovereignty**: principle that the authority of a government is derived from the consent of the governed.
* **Legal or territorial sovereignty**: recognized authority of a state over a defined geographic area and its legal framework regardless of the people's consent.
## Footnote
Popular sovereignty is embedded in the U.S. Constitution, while national sovereignty ensures the country’s autonomy in global affairs.
60
How does **international law** influence state sovereignty?
It sets legal **norms that states must follow**, sometimes limiting absolute sovereignty.
## Footnote
Treaties, human rights laws, and trade agreements impact national policies.
61
# Define:
International relations
The study of **interactions between states** and global actors.
## Footnote
It covers diplomacy, conflict, and cooperation.
62
What is a **treaty**?
**Formal agreement between two or more states**, often concerning peace, trade, or mutual cooperation.
## Footnote
Treaties are legally binding and governed by international law.
63
# Define:
Diplomacy
Practice of managing **international relations** through negotiation and dialogue.
## Footnote
It aims to resolve conflicts, build alliances, and promote mutual interests between states.
64
Describe **power** and its elements in international relations.
Power in international relations refers to a **state's ability to influence others** and achieve its interests.
## Footnote
Key elements include **military power, economic strength, diplomacy, and soft power** (cultural or ideological influence).
65
What is **soft power**?
Ability of a country to influence others through **culture, values, and diplomacy** rather than military force or coercion.
## Footnote
Coined by Joseph Nye.
66
What is **hard power**?
It refers to the use of **military force, economic sanctions, or coercion** to influence the actions of other nations.
## Footnote
Hard power relies on tangible resources like armed forces and financial leverage, contrasting with the persuasive approach of soft power.
67
# True or False:
**Political economy** studies only economic policies.
False
## Footnote
It examines the interaction between political and economic systems.
68
# Define:
Public policy
Government actions designed to address **public issues**.
## Footnote
Policies are shaped by political processes and societal needs.
69
# Fill in the blank:
**Public policies** are created through \_\_\_\_\_\_ decision-making.
Governmental
## Footnote
They address societal issues and needs.
70
# True or False:
**Political ideologies** have no impact on public policy.
False
## Footnote
Political ideologies shape policies by influencing governance priorities and legislative decisions.
Examples include liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and libertarianism.
71
# Define:
Bureaucracy
System of government or organization in which decisions are made by appointed officials within a **structured hierarchy**, following formal rules and procedures.
## Footnote
Max Weber described bureaucracy as a rational, efficient, and rule-based form of administration.
72
How does **bureaucracy** contribute to policy implementation?
**Bureaucracies translate laws** into action by managing programs and regulations.
## Footnote
An efficient bureaucracy is key to good governance, but excessive red tape can hinder progress.
73
What is **political ideology**?
A **set of beliefs** that shape political thought and action.
## Footnote
Examples include liberalism, conservatism, and socialism.
74
# Fill in the blanks:
Elections, protests, and lobbying are forms of \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Political participation
## Footnote
They influence government decisions.
75
How does **political participation** strengthen **legitimacy**?
When citizens vote and engage in **governance**, governments gain legitimacy and accountability.
## Footnote
High voter turnout is often a sign of strong democratic legitimacy.
76
What role do **institutions** play in political science?
They structure decision-making and governance.
## Footnote
Examples include legislatures, executives, and courts.
77
# True or False:
**Democracy** is the only form of government studied in political science.
False
## Footnote
It also examines authoritarianism, monarchies, and other systems.
78
What is a **Political System**?
Set of institutions, processes, and norms that organize the **governance of a society**, distribute power, and regulate political interactions.
## Footnote
Political systems can vary from democracies to authoritarian regimes, each with different mechanisms for decision-making and power distribution.
79
What is a **type of government**?
It refers to how **power is organized and exercised** within a state, such as democracy, monarchy, or authoritarianism.
## Footnote
Types of government focus on who holds power and how they govern (e.g., monarchy vs. republic).
80
What is a **democracy**?
Political system where **power is exercised by the people**, typically through elected representatives.
## Footnote
It emphasizes participation, competition, and civil liberties, with variations like direct and representative democracy.
81
Explain why **democracy** relies on the rule of law.
The **rule of law** ensures all individuals, including government officials, are subject to the same legal framework, preventing abuse of power.
## Footnote
It upholds fairness, accountability, and protection of rights in democratic societies.
82
# True or False:
**Democracy** is both a type of government and a political system.
True
## Footnote
Democracy can describe a government (rule by the people) and a system (institutions that ensure participation and representation).
83
# True or False:
In a **monarchy**, the ruler's power is always absolute.
False
## Footnote
Some monarchies are constitutional, where the ruler’s power is limited by law, while others are absolute.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy, whereas Saudi Arabia has an absolute monarchy.
84
# Define:
Authoritarianism
A political system characterized by **strong central power**, with limited political freedoms and little to no opposition allowed.
## Footnote
Authoritarian regimes often use censorship, repression, and control over institutions to maintain authority.
85
# [](http://)
Why are authoritarian regimes considered **different** from totalitarian regimes?
**Authoritarian regimes** centralize power but allow some individual freedoms, while **totalitarian regimes** seek total control over all aspects of life, including politics, economy, and personal beliefs.
## Footnote
Totalitarian states use propaganda, surveillance, and repression to maintain power.
86
How is a parliamentary system **different** from a presidential system?
In a **parliamentary system**, the executive derives power from the **legislature**, while in a **presidential system**, the executive and legislature are **separate** branches.
## Footnote
The U.K. is a **parliamentary democracy**, while the U.S. is a **presidential democracy**.
87
# Define:
Electoral systems
Methods used to calculate the number of **elected positions** in government that individuals and parties are awarded after elections.
## Footnote
They include systems like first-past-the-post, proportional representation, and ranked voting.
88
# Describe:
Federalism
A system in which the power is constitutionally divided between the **national government** and **the constituent units** (in the U.S. called states).
## Footnote
The **United States** was the first country with a modern federal **constitution**, adopted in 1789.
89
How does **Federalism** operate properly?
* Clearly **define** national and states' powers.
* **Empower** courts to solve disputes between the federal and state governments.
* **Introduce** supremacy of federal law over state law.
## Footnote
Cooperative federalism (or "marble cake" federalism) emerged in the 20th century, fostering collaboration between levels of government on shared policy areas.
90
How does **federalism balance** power between national and state governments?
**It divides power**, allowing states to govern locally while maintaining a unified national structure.
## Footnote
The U.S. and Germany are examples of federal states.
91
# Identify:
The main examples of **Federal Powers**
1. The authority to **declare war**.
1. Raise and maintain an **army and navy**.
1. **Regulate** interstate and foreign **commerce**.
1. **Coin** money.
## Footnote
These powers are outlined in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, granting the federal government authority over national and international affairs.
92
What is **Dual Federalism**?
System where **state and national governments** operate independently within their own spheres of authority, with little overlap.
## Footnote
This **layer cake** model of federalism was prevalent in the U.S. before the New Deal era, emphasizing clear separation of state and federal powers.
93
Explain the concept of **separation of powers**.
It divides **government authority** into distinct branches to prevent abuse of power.
## Footnote
Developed by Montesquieu, it ensures checks and balances.
94
Explain how the **legislative and executive** branches interact.
The legislative branch **creates laws**, and the executive **implements** them.
## Footnote
In some systems, the executive can veto laws, and the legislature can override vetoes.
95
# Fill in the blanks:
\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ is a system that allows **each branch of a government** to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power.
Checks and balances
## Footnote
It promotes accountability and prevents abuse of power.
96
# True or False:
The **legislative branch** enforces laws.
False
## Footnote
The legislative branch creates laws.
97
What is the main **function** of the **executive branch**?
To implement and enforce **laws**.
## Footnote
It includes the head of state, government officials, and public administration.
98
# Fill in the blank:
The **judicial branch** ensures that laws are \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Constitutional
## Footnote
It interprets laws and resolves legal disputes.
99
# True or False:
The **judiciary** can review laws passed by the **legislature**.
True
## Footnote
Through judicial review, courts assess the constitutionality of laws.
100
# Define:
Civil society
Society considered as a **community of citizens** linked by common interests and collective activity.
## Footnote
It includes NGOs, community groups, trade unions, and other non-state actors.
101
What are **Civil Rights**?
Rights of individuals to receive equal treatment and **be free from** **discrimination** in various spheres of life, including education, employment, housing, and access to public facilities.
## Footnote
They are designed to **ensure** that **all individuals** have **equal protection** under the law and are often enforced through legislation and court decisions.
102
How does **civil society** contribute to **political stability**?
Civil society organizations promote **participation**, hold governments accountable, and strengthen democracy.
## Footnote
NGOs and grassroots movements are key actors in civil society.
103
Why **civil liberties** are important?
* Protect individuals from **government overreach**.
* Ensuring **freedoms** such as speech, religion, and privacy.
* Uphold democracy and **prevent tyranny**.
## Footnote
The U.S. Bill of Rights enshrines key civil liberties, limiting governmental power to safeguard personal freedoms.
104
How does majority rule relate to **minority rights**?
Majority rule decides policies, but minority rights must be protected to **prevent tyranny**.
## Footnote
Liberal democracies ensure minority protections through constitutions and courts.
105
What is a **political party**?
An organized group of people with at least roughly **similar political aims and opinions**, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office.
## Footnote
Parties play crucial roles in political systems, including organizing elections, aggregating interests, and forming governments.
106
# Fill in the blank:
\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the increasing **interconnectedness and interdependence** of the world's economies, cultures, and populations.
Globalization
## Footnote
It involves the flow of goods, services, information, and people across borders, influencing political and economic dynamics.
107
What is a **failed state**?
A political body that has disintegrated to a point where **basic conditions** and responsibilities of a sovereign government no longer function properly.
## Footnote
It is a country where the government is unable to exercise effective control, provide public services, or maintain security and stability.
108
# True or False:
A failed state has a **functioning government** but struggles with **economic instability**.
False
## Footnote
A failed state lacks effective governance, often leading to economic and social collapse.
A struggling economy alone does not define a failed state—**governance breakdown** is key.
109
# Fill in the blanks:
A **failed state** often experiences a lack of \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_, leading to warlords, militias, and criminal organizations gaining power.
government authority
## Footnote
Without effective governance, non-state actors often take control of regions, worsening instability.
110
# Define:
Political polarization
The **divergence** of political attitudes to ideological extremes.
## Footnote
It can manifest in extreme ideological positions, affecting policy-making and social cohesion.
111
# True or False:
**Political polarization** always results in political instability.
False
## Footnote
While polarization can lead to gridlock or conflict, it can also increase **political engagement** and participation.
The effects of polarization depend on institutional structures and political culture.
112
Explain how social media contributes to **political polarization**.
It reinforces echo chambers, where individuals are exposed only to information that aligns with their views, deepening **ideological divisions**.
## Footnote
Algorithms amplify selective exposure, making bipartisan dialogue less likely.
113
# Define:
Pluralism
A condition or system in which two or more **states**, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., **coexist**.
## Footnote
It emphasizes diversity in governance and interest representation.
114
Give an example of **pluralism** in a democratic system.
**Interest groups** like labor unions, environmental organizations, and business associations influencing policy-making.
## Footnote
Pluralism allows diverse societal interests to compete for influence within political institutions.
115
What is **political mobilization**?
The process by which a group goes from being a passive collection of individuals to an **active participant** in public life.
## Footnote
It is crucial for democratic participation and social movements.
116
Explain how **grassroots movements** contribute to political mobilization.
They organize at the local level to advocate for **change**, often through protests, petitions, and community engagement.
## Footnote
Grassroots movements influence policy and bring attention to social issues.
117
What is a **dictatorship**?
Form of government where a single leader or group holds **absolute power**, often without free and fair elections.
## Footnote
Dictatorships often suppress political opposition and limit civil liberties.
118
# True or False:
All dictatorships are **military regimes**.
False
## Footnote
While some dictatorships are military-led, others arise from civilian leaders consolidating power.
Dictatorships vary in structure and origins, including personalist, military, and one-party rule.
119
What is a **revolution**?
Fundamental and relatively sudden **change in political power** or organizational structures.
## Footnote
Revolutions can be violent or nonviolent and often result in significant social, economic, and political transformation.
120
# Fill in the blanks:
\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ is the **abuse of power** by government officials for personal gain.
Political corruption
## Footnote
It undermines trust in public institutions and can involve bribery, embezzlement, and nepotism.
121
What is a **social movement**?
**Collective effort** by a large group of people to bring about or resist social, political, or economic change.
## Footnote
Social movements often use protests, advocacy, and public campaigns to achieve their goals.
122
How do **social movements** drive political change?
They raise awareness, pressure governments, and sometimes lead to **policy reforms**.
## Footnote
Civil rights movements have historically reshaped legal and political landscapes.
123
# True or False:
**Civil disobedience** is the intentional and nonviolent violation of laws to protest against perceived injustice.
True
## Footnote
It aims to bring attention to issues and prompt change through moral and ethical appeals.
124
What is **political activism**?
It involves efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, or economic change.
## Footnote
Activists engage in activities like campaigning, lobbying, and protesting to influence public policy and opinion.
Political Science 101
flashcards
Decks in class (11)
# Cards
-
Introduction to Political Science125
-
Political Ideologies and Theories72
-
The State, Nation, and Government89
-
Democracy and Political Participation77
-
Political Institutions and Governance75
-
Comparative Politics70
-
International Relations and Global Politics105
-
Political Economy124
-
Public Policy and Administration80
-
Political Behavior and Public Opinion51
-
Contemporary Political Issues and Challenges75
