What are the common signs of a heart attack?
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Pain in arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach
- Shortness of breath
- Cold sweat, nausea, or lightheadedness
Recognizing these signs early can significantly increase the chances of survival. Immediate medical attention is crucial.
True or False:
A heart attack and cardiac arrest are the same.
False
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, while cardiac arrest is when the heart stops beating unexpectedly.
What is the first step in performing CPR on an adult?
Ensure the scene is safe, check for responsiveness and normal breathing, and call 911.
This ensures the safety of the rescuer and determines the need for CPR. EMS must be activated early.
How many chest compressions should be given to an adult during CPR?
30 compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute
Compression depth should be at least 2 inches for adults.
What is a key difference in CPR for children compared to adults?
Use one hand for compressions if the child is small.
This helps prevent injury to a child’s more fragile chest structure.
Fill in the blank:
In infant CPR, compressions should be about ______ inch deep.
1.5
The depth is adjusted to prevent injury while being effective.
What is the primary focus of hands-only CPR?
Chest compressions
Hands-only CPR is effective for bystanders who are not trained to provide rescue breaths.
How are rescue breaths performed using the mouth-to-mouth method?
Tilt the head back, pinch the nose, and seal your lips over the person’s mouth.
This helps deliver oxygen into the lungs during CPR.
What is the purpose of using a barrier method for rescue breaths?
To prevent disease transmission.
Barrier devices protect both rescuer and victim from infections.
When should CPR be stopped?
- The person shows signs of life.
- A trained responder takes over.
- You are too exhausted to continue.
- The scene becomes unsafe.
Continue CPR until help arrives or the situation becomes dangerous.
What is the first step in using an AED?
Turn on the AED and follow the prompts.
AEDs are designed with clear instructions for effective use.
Where should AED pads be placed on an adult?
One pad on the upper right chest and one on the lower left side.
Correct pad placement is critical for effective shock delivery.
True or False:
You should touch the victim while the AED is delivering a shock.
False
Touching during shock delivery can injure the rescuer and affect AED performance.
What safety precaution should be taken when using an AED in a wet environment?
Ensure the victim and surrounding area are dry.
Water can conduct electricity, creating a hazard.
What is the recommended cycle of compressions to breaths in CPR?
30 compressions to 2 breaths
This ratio supports circulation and oxygenation.
Scenario: You find an unconscious child who is not breathing. What is your first action?
Give 5 initial rescue breaths.
Initial breaths may help restart breathing in children.
How should compressions be delivered on an infant during CPR?
Use two fingers at the center of the chest, just below the nipple line.
This technique is gentle and effective for infants.
What is the purpose of CPR?
To maintain blood flow to the brain and heart.
CPR keeps oxygenated blood circulating during cardiac arrest.
What should you do if an AED advises no shock?
Continue CPR until help arrives or the person shows signs of life.
No shock’ means the AED didn’t detect a shockable rhythm.
How often should you switch rescuers during CPR to avoid fatigue?
Every 2 minutes or after 5 cycles of CPR.
Rotating rescuers helps maintain high-quality compressions.
When should you start CPR?
When the person is unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping.
CPR should begin immediately in these situations.
What is the rate for chest compressions in CPR?
100 to 120 compressions per minute
This rate helps circulate blood effectively.
What is the depth of chest compressions for an adult?
At least 2 inches
Proper depth is necessary for effective circulation.
Where do you place your hands for adult CPR?
On the center of the chest over the lower half of the breastbone.
Correct hand placement ensures effective compressions.
