1
Q
Define:
obfuscate
(ob-fuh-skeyt)
A
v. to deliberately obscure, to make confusing, to bewilder
The governor obfuscated the issue with big words and numbers.
Prefix: ob- (from Latin, meaning “toward” or “against”); Root: fusc (from Latin fuscus, meaning “dark”)
2
Q
Define:
encomium
(en-koh-mee-uhm)
A
n. enthusiastic praise
That country’s national anthem is an encomium to the heroes of a war long past.
Prefix: en- (from Greek enkomion, meaning “in” or “within”); Root: komos (from Greek, meaning “celebration”)
3
Q
Define:
din
(din)
A
n. loud sustained noise, confusing or tumultuous sound
During the concert, Jill couldn’t hear Rick over the din of the loudspeakers.
Root: din (from Old English dyne, meaning “noise”)
4
Q
Define:
alloy
(n. al-oi; v. al-oi)
A
n. a mixture of superior and inferior ingredients
v. to debase by mixing with something inferior
The heroism one sees nowadays is often alloyed with some degree of self-interest.
Prefix: al- (from Latin ad-, meaning “to” or “toward”); Root: lig (from Latin ligare, meaning “to bind”)
5
Q
Define:
pugilism
(pyoo-djuh-liz-uhm)
A
n. the skill or practice of fighting with fists; boxing
Mike Tyson is known throughout the world for his pugilism.
Root: pugil (from Latin pugil, meaning “boxer”)
6
Q
Define:
sanctimony
(sangk-tuh-moh-nee)
A
n. self-righteousness, pretended piety, insincere holiness
His sanctimony was laughable, since we all knew he was one of the worst offenders.
Root: sanct (from Latin sanctus, meaning “holy”); Suffix: -mony (from Latin -monia, indicating a state or condition)
7
Q
Define:
baleful
(beyl-fuhl)
A
adj. full of sinister influence, pernicious, ominous
The basilisk’s baleful glare is lethal.
Root: bale (from Old English bealu, meaning “evil” or “harm”); Suffix: -ful (indicating “full of”)
8
Q
Define:
hallow
(hal-oh)
A
v. to set apart as holy, to sanctify
The site for the church was hallowed in a special ceremony.
Root: hallow (from Old English halgian, meaning “to make holy”)
9
Q
Define:
ostensible
(uh-sten-suh-buhl)
A
adj. apparent
adj. pretended
The oil spill was the ostensible result of lax safety regulations.
Root: ostens (from Latin ostendere, meaning “to show”); Suffix: -ible (indicating “capable of”)
10
Q
Define:
sinecure
(sahy-nih-kyoor)
A
n. a comfortable job requiring little work
Carolyn’s position in the office is a sinecure; she does nothing all day yet she draws the same salary as everyone else.
Prefix: sine- (from Latin, meaning “without”); Root: cura (from Latin, meaning “care”)
11
Q
Define:
lackey
(lak-ee)
A
n. a male servant, servile follower, toady
Lori’s boyfriend becomes a lackey during her shopping trips.
Root: lackey (from Middle French laquais, meaning “footman” or “servant”)
12
Q
Define:
redress
(ree-dress)
A
v. to set right, to remedy
n. compensation or restitution for a wrong
The peaceful petitioning for redress of wrongs is a right enshrined in our country’s founding document.
Prefix: re- (from Latin, meaning “again” or “back”); Root: dress (from Old French dresser, meaning “to arrange”)
13
Q
Define:
unctuous
(uhngk-choo-uhs)
A
adj. oily, greasy
adj. characterized by insincere earnestness
The king had the unctuous toady removed from his palace.
Root: unct (from Latin unctus, meaning “anointed”); Suffix: -uous (indicating “full of”)
14
Q
Define:
arrant
(ar-uhnt)
A
adj. impudent
adj. thorough, utter, complete
Though the professor is considered one of the greats of his discipline, lately his lectures have verged on arrant nonsense.
Root: arrant (from Old French errant, meaning “wandering”)
15
Q
Define:
vaunt
(vawnt)
A
v. to boast or brag about
Chris, though usually very modest, will readily vaunt his achievements in a job interview.
Root: vaunt (from Latin vanitare, meaning “to boast”)
16
Q
Define:
affectation
(af-ek-tey-shuhn)
A
n. a show or pretense
n. artificial behavior to impress others
That American doctor’s affectation of a British accent has drawn much criticism.
Prefix: af- (variant of ad-, from Latin, meaning “to”); Root: fect (from Latin facere, meaning “to do”); Suffix: -ation (indicating “action or process”)
17
Q
Define:
philately
(fih-lat-uhl-ee)
A
n. the study of postage stamps
His grandfather is obsessed with philately and has even made several overseas pen pals in order to study their countries’ postage.
Prefix: phil- (from Greek philos, meaning “loving”); Root: atel (from Greek ateleia, meaning “exemption from tax”)
18
Q
Define:
canonical
(kuh-non-ih-kuhl)
A
adj. in agreement with accepted principles
adj. authorized, accepted
The canonical Mozart sonatas were consulted in order to compare them to the newly-discovered manuscript attributed to him.
Root: canon (from Greek kanon, meaning “rule” or “standard”); Suffix: -ical (indicating “pertaining to”)
19
Q
Define:
whit
(wit)
A
n. the smallest possible part or fraction
The bank robber did not have a whit of self-respect.
Root: whit (from Old English hwit, meaning “a small amount”)
20
Q
Define:
epaulet
(ep-uh-let)
A
n. a shoulder ornament, esp. a strap on military uniforms
The veteran’s uniform was adorned by a pair of impressive epaulets.
Root: epaule (from French épaule, meaning “shoulder”); Suffix: -et (diminutive suffix indicating “small”)
21
Q
Name the vocab term:
v. to deliberately obscure, to make confusing, to bewilder
Hint: starts with “o”
A
obfuscate
synonyms: baffle, muddle, confound, cloud, confuse, bewilder
The lawyer tried to obfuscate the facts to confuse the jury.
22
Q
Fill in the blank:
The author received an ________ from critics praising her latest novel.
Hint: Starts with “e” and means “a speech or piece of writing that praises highly”.
A
encomium
encomium (en-koh-mee-uhm)
n. enthusiastic praise
23
Q
Name the vocab term:
n. loud, sustained noise, confusing or tumultuous sound
Hint: starts with “d”
A
din
synonyms: buzz, clamor, commotion, racket, uproar, cacophony
The din of the crowd made it difficult to hear the speaker.
24
Q
Fill in the blank:
Bronze is an ________ made from copper and tin.
A
alloy
alloy (n. al-oi; v. al-oi)
n. a mixture of superior and inferior ingredients
v. to debase by mixing with something inferior
25
# Name the vocab term:
****
n. the skill or practice of fighting with fists; boxing
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
pugilism
## Footnote
synonyms: battle, sparring, duel, boxing, fisticuffs
His passion for _pugilism_ led him to become a champion boxer.
26
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was evident as she criticized others while ignoring her own faults.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "pretended holiness or righteousness".*
sanctimony
## Footnote
*sanctimony (**sangk**-tuh-moh-nee)*
n. self-righteousness, pretended piety, insincere holiness
27
# Name the vocab term:
adj. full of sinister influence, pernicious, ominous
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "b"*
baleful
## Footnote
adj. full of sinister influence, pernicious, ominous
The villain’s _baleful_ smile sent chills down her spine.
28
# Fill in the blank:
The community came together to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the new memorial.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "h" and means "to make holy or sacred".*
hallow
## Footnote
*hallow (**hal**-oh)*
v. to set apart as holy, to sanctify
29
# Name the vocab term:
adj. apparent
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "o"*
ostensible
## Footnote
synonyms: exhibited, likely, manifest, seeming, purported
The _ostensible_ reason for his visit was to check on her, but he had another agenda.
30
# Fill in the blank:
After years of hard work, he finally landed a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that allowed him to relax.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "a job requiring little work but giving status or pay".*
sinecure
## Footnote
*sinecure (**sahy**-nih-kyoor)*
n. a comfortable job requiring little work
31
# Name the vocab term:
n. a male servant, servile follower, toady
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "l"*
lackey
## Footnote
synonyms: servant, butler, subordinate, sycophant, minion
He was treated like a _lackey_, always expected to run errands for his boss.
32
# Fill in the blank:
She sought to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the imbalance by addressing the unfair policies.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "to set right or remedy".*
redress
## Footnote
*redress (ree-**dress**)*
v. to set right, to remedy
n. compensation or restitution for a wrong
33
# Name the vocab term:
adj. oily, greasy
adj. characterized by insincere earnestness
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "u"*
unctuous
## Footnote
synonyms: fatty, slick; lying, untruthful, smooth, ingratiating
The chef used _unctuous_ olive oil to enhance the flavor of the dish.
His _unctuous_ compliments made her suspicious of his true intentions.
34
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ disregard for the rules resulted in severe consequences.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "complete or utter, often in a negative sense".*
arrant
## Footnote
*arrant (**ar**-uhnt)*
adj. impudent
adj. thorough, utter, complete
35
# Name the vocab term:
v. to boast, to brag
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "v"*
vaunt
## Footnote
synonyms: flaunt, gloat, show off, proclaim
She loved to _vaunt_ her accomplishments at every opportunity.
36
# Fill in the blank:
Her British accent was an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ she adopted to appear more sophisticated.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "artificial behavior to impress others".*
affectation
## Footnote
*affectation (af-ek-**tey**-shuhn)*
n. a show or pretense
n. artificial behavior to impress others
37
# Name the vocab term:
n. the study of postage stamps
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
philately
## Footnote
synonyms: study of stamps, stamp collecting, philatelic study
Her passion for _philately_ led her to collect rare stamps from around the world.
38
# Fill in the blank:
Her research follows \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ methods recognized by the scientific community.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "c" and means "accepted as standard or authoritative".*
canonical
## Footnote
*canonical (kuh-**non**-ih-kuhl)*
adj. in agreement with accepted principles
adj. authorized, accepted
39
# Name the vocab term:
n. the smallest possible part or fraction
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "w"*
whit
## Footnote
synonyms: atom, crumb, grain, iota, bit, fragment
There wasn’t a _whit_ of evidence to support his claims.
40
# Fill in the blank:
The soldier's uniform was adorned with gold \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ indicating his rank.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "e" and means "ornamental shoulder piece on clothing".*
epaulet
## Footnote
*epaulet (**ep**-uh-let)*
n. a shoulder ornament, esp. a strap on military uniforms
41
# Define:
panoply
| (**pan**-uh-plee)
n. a splendid, striking array
n. the complete armory of a warrior
n. a shining protective array
## Footnote
A porcupine's _panoply_ of quills is quite a protective arsenal.
Prefix: *pan-* (from Greek *pan*, meaning "all"); Root: *hopla* (from Greek *hopla*, meaning "arms" or "armor")
42
# Define:
pantheon
| (**pan**-thee-on)
n. a temple dedicated to the gods
n. all the gods of a people
n. a group of famous persons
## Footnote
The Greek _pantheon_ includes Zeus and his consort, Hera.
Prefix: *pan-* (from Greek *pan*, meaning "all"); Root: *theos* (from Greek *theos*, meaning "god")
43
# Define:
blandish
| (**blan**-dish)
v. to coax or influence with flattery
## Footnote
Steve _blandished_ her into going out with him.
Root: *bland* (from Latin *blandus*, meaning "flattering" or "smooth")
44
# Define:
peremptory
| (puh-**remp**-tuh-ree)
adj. admitting of no contradiction; putting an end to further debate; haughty; imperious
## Footnote
He ended the discussion with a _peremptory_ wave of his hand.
Prefix: *per-* (from Latin *per*, meaning "thoroughly"); Root: *empt* (from Latin *emere*, meaning "to take")
45
# Define:
tyro
| (**tahy**-roh)
n. a beginner or novice in any kind of skill
## Footnote
The hapless _tyro_ tripped over the ropes on his way into the boxing ring.
Root: *tyro* (from Latin *tiro*, meaning "young soldier" or "novice")
46
# Define:
fetid
| (**fet**-id)
adj. malodorous, stinky
## Footnote
The _fetid_ green substance had taken over the entire fridge.
Root: *fet* (from Latin *fetere*, meaning "to stink")
47
# Define:
fecundity
| (fih-**kuhn**-dih-tee)
n. fertility, fruitfulness
## Footnote
An artist's period of _fecundity_ can come at any time of her life.
Root: *fecund* (from Latin *fecundus*, meaning "fruitful"); Suffix: *-ity* (from Latin *-itas*, indicating a state or condition)
48
# Define:
rarefied
| (**rair**-uh-fahyd)
adj. thin, pure, refined
## Footnote
The _rarefied_ air of higher altitudes makes it very difficult to climb Mt. Everest.
Root: *rare* (from Latin *rarus*, meaning "thin" or "sparse"); Suffix: *-fy* (from Latin *facere*, meaning "to make")
49
# Define:
delectation
| (dee-lek-**tey**-shuhn)
n. enjoyment
## Footnote
They played wiffleball for the _delectation_ of it, not for the competition.
Root: *delect* (from Latin *delectare*, meaning "to delight"); Suffix: *-tion* (from Latin *-tionem*, indicating an action or process)
50
# Define:
fickle
| (**fick**-ul)
adj. prone to changing often
## Footnote
Suzanne was a _fickle_ friend who could not be relied upon.
Root: *fick* (from Old English *ficol*, meaning "deceitful" or "treacherous")
51
# Define:
fidelity
| (fih-**dell**-ih-tee)
n. devotion to obligations or loyalties
n. the accuracy of a reproduced sound or image
## Footnote
Kevin's parents were proud of him for his _fidelity_ to the family business.
Root: *fid* (from Latin *fides*, meaning "faith" or "trust"); Suffix: *-ity* (from Latin *-itas*, indicating a state or condition)
52
# Define:
fission
| (**fish**-un)
n. the act of separating into parts
## Footnote
The controversial legislation led to the _fission_ of the administration.
Root: *fiss* (from Latin *fissio*, meaning "a splitting"); Suffix: *-ion* (from Latin *-ionem*, indicating an action or process)
53
# Define:
flag
| (**flag**)
v. to become tired or weak
v. to droop or limp
## Footnote
The runner's enthusiasm _flagged_ when she realized she still had many miles ahead of her.
Root: *flag* (from Old Norse *flaga*, meaning "to droop" or "to hang loosely")
54
# Define:
florid
| (**floor**-id)
adj. healthy-looking
adj. ornate or flowery
## Footnote
The author's _florid_ prose did not impress the critics, who found her work pretentious.
Root: *flor* (from Latin *floridus*, meaning "flowery" or "flourishing")
55
# Define:
forbear
| (for-**bear**)
v. to refrain from doing something
## Footnote
Although I know Adam likes to crack jokes, I would have liked him to _forbear_ silliness in such a serious situation.
Prefix: *for-* (from Old English *forberan*, meaning "to endure"); Root: *bear* (from Old English *beran*, meaning "to carry" or "to bear")
56
# Define:
forestall
| (for-**stall**)
v. to deal with ahead of time; to prevent
## Footnote
The mayor called the police before the protest even began in order to _forestall_ rioting.
Prefix: *fore-* (from Old English *fore*, meaning "before"); Root: *stall* (from Old English *steall*, meaning "place" or "position")
57
# Define:
quail
| (**kweyl**)
v. to shrink with fear
## Footnote
The puppy _quailed_ at my angry tone.
Root: *quail* (from Middle English *quailen*, meaning "to waste away" or "to lose heart")
58
# Define:
forthright
| (**forth**-rahyt)
adj. straightforward
## Footnote
One should be _forthright_ and honest with the authorities so as not to seem suspicious.
Prefix: *forth-* (from Old English *forth*, meaning "forward"); Root: *right* (from Old English *riht*, meaning "straight" or "direct")
59
# Define:
fortuity
| (for-**too**-ih-tee)
n. an event that happens by chance without a known cause
n. luck
## Footnote
By sheer _fortuity_, Linda was assigned to the same homeroom as her twin brother.
Root: *fortu* (from Latin *fortuitus*, meaning "by chance"); Suffix: *-ity* (from Latin *-itas*, indicating a state or condition)
60
# Define:
mince
| (**minss**)
v. to speak carefully; to euphemize
## Footnote
Don't _mince_ words with me; just say what you need to say!
Root: *minc* (from Old French *mincier*, meaning "to make small")
61
# Name the vocab term:
n. a splendid, striking array
n. the complete armory of a warrior
n. a shining protective array
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
panoply
## Footnote
synonyms: display, arrangement; armaments, array, equipment, ensemble
The museum featured a _panoply_ of historical artifacts from various cultures.
The knight's _panoply_ included an impressive array of armor and weapons.
62
# Fill in the blank:
The ancient Greeks built a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to honor their gods.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "a group of important or famous people".*
pantheon
## Footnote
*pantheon (**pan**-thee-on)*
n. a temple dedicated to the gods
n. all the gods of a people
n. a group of famous persons
63
# Name the vocab term:
v. to coax or influence with flattery
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "b"*
blandish
## Footnote
synonyms: charm, flatter, cajole, sweet-talk
He tried to _blandish_ his way into a better deal with flattery.
64
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tone left no room for discussion.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "insisting on immediate obedience".*
peremptory
## Footnote
*peremptory (puh-**remp**-tuh-ree)*
adj. admitting of no contradiction; putting an end to further debate; haughty; imperious
65
# Name the vocab term:
n. a beginner or novice in any kind of skill
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "t"*
tyro
## Footnote
synonyms: beginner, rookie, neophyte, fledgling
As a _tyro_ in the field, he was eager to learn from his peers.
66
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ odor from the garbage made the area unbearable.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "having a foul smell".*
fetid
## Footnote
*fetid (**fet**-id)*
adj. malodorous, stinky
67
# Name the vocab term:
n. fertility, fruitfulness
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
fecundity
## Footnote
synonyms: abundance, productivity, richness, yield
The _fecundity_ of the land resulted in a bountiful harvest.
68
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ air at high altitudes can be challenging for climbers.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "distant from ordinary concerns; elevated".*
rarefied
## Footnote
*rarefied (**rair**-uh-fahyd)*
adj. thin, pure, refined
69
# Name the vocab term:
n. enjoyment
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "d"*
delectation
## Footnote
synonyms: delight, elation, pleasure, satisfaction
She read the novel with great _delectation_, savoring each chapter.
70
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nature made it hard to rely on his commitments.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "changing frequently in loyalty or affection".*
fickle
## Footnote
*fickle (**fick**-ul)*
adj. prone to changing often
71
# Name the vocab term:
n. devotion to obligations or loyalties
n. the accuracy of a reproduced sound or image
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
fidelity
## Footnote
synonyms: allegiance, faith, loyalty, constancy
Her _fidelity_ to her friends was unwavering, always standing by them in tough times.
The _fidelity_ of the sound system ensured that every note was reproduced accurately.
72
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the atom released a significant amount of energy.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "splitting into parts".*
fission
## Footnote
*fission (**fish**-un)*
n. the act of separating into parts
73
# Name the vocab term:
v. to become tired or weak
v. to droop or limp
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
flag
## Footnote
synonyms: droop, fade, wane, weaken, sink, decline
After hours of studying, he began to _flag_, struggling to keep his eyes open.
The flowers started to _flag_ in the heat without enough water.
74
# Fill in the blank:
The patient had a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ complexion, indicating good health.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "excessively ornate or flushed in complexion".*
florid
## Footnote
*florid (**floor**-id)*
adj. healthy-looking
adj. ornate or flowery
75
# Name the vocab term:
v. to refrain from doing something
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
forbear
## Footnote
synonyms: avoid, constrain, forgo, withhold, abstain
He decided to _forbear_ from commenting on the sensitive issue.
76
# Fill in the blank:
They tried to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ problems by addressing them early.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "to prevent or delay by taking action in advance".*
forestall
## Footnote
*forestall (for-**stall**)*
v. to deal with ahead of time; to prevent
77
# Name the vocab term:
v. to shrink with fear
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "q"*
quail
## Footnote
synonyms: recoil, cower, tremble, flinch
She began to _quail_ at the thought of public speaking.
78
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ manner made him a trusted advisor.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "direct and outspoken".*
forthright
## Footnote
*forthright (**forth**-rahyt)*
adj. straightforward
79
# Name the vocab term:
n. an event that happens by chance without a known cause
n. luck
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
fortuity
## Footnote
synonyms: accident; good fortune, coincidence, serendipity
The discovery of the rare artifact was a remarkable _fortuity_ during the excavation.
Winning the lottery was a stroke of _fortuity_ that changed his life.
80
# Fill in the blank:
He chose to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ his words when discussing the sensitive topic.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "m" and means "to soften or restrain words".*
mince
## Footnote
*mince (**minss**)*
v. to speak carefully; to euphemize
81
# Define:
visceral
| (**viss**-er-uhl)
adj. felt in one's stomach
adj. emotional, rather than intellectual
## Footnote
Jeb's _visceral_ response to his mother's racist ramblings was visible to all of us.
Root: *viscer* (from Latin *viscera*, meaning "internal organs")
82
# Define:
refectory
| (rih-**fek**-tuh-ree)
n. a room or dining area where meals are served
## Footnote
The students milled about the entrance to the _refectory_, counting down the seconds until supper would be served.
Root: *fect* (from Latin *facere*, meaning "to make" or "to do"); Prefix: *re-* (from Latin, meaning "again" or "back")
83
# Define:
frenetic
| (fruh-**net**-ik)
adj. frenzied or frantic
## Footnote
_Frenetic_ screams filled the room as people tried to get out before the fire spread.
Root: *fren* (from Greek *phrenitis*, meaning "inflammation of the brain")
84
# Define:
infinitesimal
| (in-fin-ih-**tess**-uh-muhl)
adj. immeasurably small
## Footnote
The proportion of truly selfless people in this world is surely _infinitesimal_.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "not"); Root: *finite* (from Latin *finis*, meaning "end" or "limit"); Suffix: *-esimal* (from Latin *-esimus*, meaning "hundredth")
85
# Define:
sanguine
| (**sang**-gwin)
adj. cheerfully optimistic; a blood-red color
## Footnote
Samantha had a _sanguine_ attitude towards life that enriched those around her.
Root: *sanguin* (from Latin *sanguis*, meaning "blood")
86
# Define:
furtive
| (**fur**-tiv)
adj. secretive, sly
## Footnote
At the party, Julia cast _furtive_ glances around the room to make sure her elder sister was not around to send her back home.
Root: *furt* (from Latin *furtivus*, meaning "stolen")
87
# Define:
calumny
| (**kal**-uhm-nee)
n. a false statement; slander, aspersion
## Footnote
The desperate candidate abandoned reasoned arguments and resorted to _calumnies_ against the front-runner.
Root: *calumn* (from Latin *calumnia*, meaning "false accusation")
88
# Define:
quotidian
| (kwoh-**tid**-ee-uhn)
adj. everyday, commonplace, habitual
## Footnote
Joe's small, _quotidian_ pleasures seemed more substantial than Mattias's high-profile jet-setting.
Root: *quot* (from Latin *quotidie*, meaning "every day")
89
# Define::
salacious
| (suh-**ley**-shuhs)
adj. causing sexual desire, bawdy
## Footnote
Many parents were unhappy with the magazine's _salacious_ material.
Root: *salac* (from Latin *salax*, meaning "lustful")
90
# Define:
importune
| (im-**pour**-chewn)
v. to beg persistently
## Footnote
Kate _importuned_ her father every day to teach her how to sail.
Prefix: *im-* (from Latin, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *port* (from Latin *portus*, meaning "harbor" or "haven")
91
# Define:
impregnable
| (im-**preg**-nuh-bul)
adj. able to withstand attack
## Footnote
The fortress was surrounded by a moat so as to make it _impregnable_.
Prefix: *im-* (from Latin, meaning "not"); Root: *pregn* (from Latin *prehendere*, meaning "to seize"); Suffix: *-able* (from Latin, meaning "capable of")
92
# Define:
daft
| (**daft**)
adj. mad, crazy
adj. foolish
## Footnote
The _daft_ man was walking about the room conversing with himself.
93
# Define:
solemn
| (**sol**-uhm)
adj. deeply earnest, grave
adj. of a very serious nature; gloomy
## Footnote
Carter's _solemn_ voice made his family suspect that a tragedy had occurred.
Root: *solemn* (from Latin *sollemnis*, meaning "customary" or "ceremonial")
94
# Define:
impromptu
| (im-**promp**-too)
adj. spontaneously done without preparation
## Footnote
During a lull in the live broadcast, the host began an _impromptu_ dance number with some of the contestants.
Prefix: *im-* (from Latin, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *prompt* (from Latin *promptus*, meaning "ready")
95
# Define:
impudent
| (**im**-pyuh-dent)
adj. improperly disrespectful
## Footnote
The girl was forced to apologize in front of the class for her _impudent_ attitude towards her teachers.
Prefix: *im-* (from Latin, meaning "not"); Root: *pud* (from Latin *pudere*, meaning "to feel shame")
96
# Define:
bedizen
| (bih-**dahy**-zuhn)
v. to adorn, usually in a poorly conceived or tasteless manner
## Footnote
Paula was _bedizened_ with gaudy decorations.
Prefix: *be-* (from Old English, meaning "on all sides"); Root: *dizen* (from Middle Dutch *dijsen*, meaning "to dress")
97
# Define:
incense
| (in-**sense**)
v. to make angry
## Footnote
The class's behavior _incensed_ the teacher to the point that she gave them all extra homework.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *cens* (from Latin *incendere*, meaning "to set on fire")
98
# Define:
volition
| (voh-**lish**-uhn)
n. a conscious decision or the capability of choosing
n. willingness
## Footnote
Though his friends had egged him on, it was determined that Pat stole the sunglasses of his own _volition_.
Root: *vol* (from Latin *velle*, meaning "to wish")
99
# Define:
tamp
| (**tamp**)
v. to plug
v. to drive in or down by a series of blows
## Footnote
They _tamped_ down the soil around the base of the new sapling.
100
# Define:
steel
| (**steel**)
v. to make hard, strong or obdurate
v. to fill with determination
## Footnote
John realized that he would lose the chess match and _steeled_ himself for disappointment.
101
# Name the vocab term:
adj. felt in one's stomach
adj. emotional, rather than intellectual
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "v"*
visceral
## Footnote
synonyms: habitual, instinctive, inherent; affective, gut-level, intuitive
His _visceral_ reaction to the news was evident as he clutched his stomach in shock.
She had a _visceral_ response to the film that left her in tears.
102
# Fill in the blank:
The students gathered in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for their lunchtime meal.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "a dining hall, especially in an institution".*
refectory
## Footnote
*refectory (rih-**fek**-tuh-ree)*
n. a room or dining area where meals are served
103
# Name the vocab term:
adj. frenzied or frantic
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
frenetic
## Footnote
synonyms: anxious, hysterical, rattled, chaotic, wild
The _frenetic_ pace of the city made it hard to relax.
104
# Fill in the blank:
The scientist measures the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ particles with great precision.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "extremely small".*
infinitesimal
## Footnote
*infinitesimal (in-fin-ih-**tess**-uh-muhl)*
adj. immeasurably smalladj. immeasurably small
105
# Name the vocab term:
adj. cheerfully optimistic
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
sanguine
## Footnote
synonyms: happy, cheerful, hopeful, buoyant
Despite the challenges ahead, she remained _sanguine_ about the future.
106
# Fill in the blank:
She cast a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ glance at the hidden documents on the table.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "attempting to avoid notice; secretive".*
furtive
## Footnote
*furtive (**fur**-tiv)*
adj. secretive, sly
107
# Name the vocab term:
n. a false statement; slander, aspersion
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "c"*
calumny
## Footnote
synonyms: misrepresentations, slanderous, defamation, libel
The politician's career was ruined by a _calumny_ that spread quickly through the media.
108
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ routine included a morning jog and a cup of coffee.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "q" and means "occurring daily; commonplace".*
quotidian
## Footnote
*quotidian (kwoh-**tid**-ee-uhn)*
adj. everyday, commonplace, habitual
109
# Name the vocab term:
adj. causing sexual desire, bawdy
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
salacious
## Footnote
synonyms: erotic, lecherous, raunchy, lascivious, risqué
The novel was criticized for its _salacious_ content that appealed to base desires.
110
# Fill in the blank:
He would \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ his friends for favors whenever he needed help.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "to persistently request".*
importune
## Footnote
*importune (im-**pour**-chewn)*
v. to beg persistently
111
# Name the vocab term:
adj. able to withstand attack
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
impregnable
## Footnote
synonyms: impenetrable, unassailable, invulnerable, secure
The fortress was built to be _impregnable_, with walls that could withstand any assault.
112
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ idea to swim in the icy lake in winter raised eyebrows.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "d" and means "silly or foolish".*
daft
## Footnote
*daft (**daft**)*
adj. mad, crazy
adj. foolish
113
# Name the vocab term:
adj. deeply earnest, grave
adj. of a very serious nature; gloomy
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
solemn
## Footnote
synonyms: quiet, serious, grave, somber, earnest, thoughtful
The _solemn_ ceremony honored those who had sacrificed their lives.
His _solemn_ expression indicated he understood the seriousness of the situation.
114
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ speech he gave was surprisingly well-received.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "done without preparation".*
impromptu
## Footnote
*impromptu (im-**promp**-too)*
adj. spontaneously done without preparation
115
# Name the vocab term:
adj. improperly disrespectful
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
impudent
## Footnote
synonyms: cocky, insolent, overbearing, brazen, audacious
His _impudent_ remarks during the meeting shocked everyone.
116
# Fill in the blank:
She chose to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ herself in bright colors and flashy accessories.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "b" and means "to dress in a showy or tasteless way".*
bedizen
## Footnote
*bedizen (bih-**dahy**-zuhn)*
v. to adorn, usually in a poorly conceived or tasteless manner
117
# Name the vocab term:
v. to make angry
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
incense
## Footnote
synonyms: fire up, enrage, infuriate, provoke
The rude comment served to _incense_ her, making her visibly upset.
118
# Fill in the blank:
He made the decision of his own \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, choosing to pursue a different career path.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "v" and means "the power of choosing or willing".*
volition
## Footnote
*volition (voh-**lish**-uhn)*
n. a conscious decision or the capability of choosing
n. willingness
119
# Name the vocab term:
v. to plug
v. to drive in or down by a series of blows
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "t"*
tamp
## Footnote
synonyms: fill, jam; ram, butt, drive, pack, compress
She used a tool to _tamp_ the soil around the newly planted flowers.
He had to _tamp_ the stakes firmly into the ground to secure the tent.
120
# Fill in the blank:
He \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ himself for the difficult conversation ahead.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "hardened oneself in preparation".*
steeled
## Footnote
*steel (**steel**)*
v. to make hard, strong or obdurate
v. to fill with determination
121
# Define:
gossamer
| (**goss**-uh-murr)
adj. delicate, insubstantial, flimsy
## Footnote
The _gossamer_ kite broke in two at the first gust of wind.
Root: *gos* (from Middle English *gos*, meaning "goose") and *somer* (from Middle English *somer*, meaning "summer")
122
# Define:
inimical
| (ih-**nim**-ih-kuhl)
adj. hostile, unfriendly
## Footnote
The Antarctic is _inimical_ to life.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "not"), Root: *amic* (from Latin *amicus*, meaning "friend")
123
# Define:
vainglorious
| (veyn-**glawr**-ee-us)
adj. boastful of one's accomplishments or accolades; vain
## Footnote
Dave's _vainglorious_ attitude unfortunately overshadowed his considerable accomplishments.
Prefix: *vain-* (from Latin *vanus*, meaning "empty"), Root: *glor* (from Latin *gloria*, meaning "glory"), Suffix: *-ious* (from Latin, meaning "full of")
124
# Define:
pariah
| (puh-**rahy**-uh)
n. an outcast; a rejected or despised person
## Footnote
Alex left the party feeling like a _pariah_.
Root: *paraiyan* (from Tamil *paraiyan*, meaning "drummer")
125
# Define:
indelible
| (in-**del**-uh-buhl)
adj. impossible to remove or to forget
## Footnote
The memory of that day had become _indelible_ in his mind.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "not"), Root: *del* (from Latin *delere*, meaning "to destroy"), Suffix: *-ible* (from Latin, meaning "able to")
126
# Define:
byzantine
| (**biz**-uhn-teen)
adj. complex, intricate, labyrinthine
## Footnote
The _byzantine_ rules of the card game confused everyone.
Root: *Byzantium* (from the ancient Greek city name Byzantion)
127
# Define:
inveigh
| (in-**vey**)
v. to attack verbally, to deprecate
## Footnote
The protesters were _inveighing_ against government policies.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "against"), Root: *veigh* (from Latin *vehere*, meaning "to carry")
128
# Define:
peccadillo
| (pek-uh-**dil**-oh)
n. slight infraction of rules, a minor sin
## Footnote
As a society, we tend to take our politicians to task over _peccadilloes_ while overlooking the failings of our political system as a whole.
Root: *peccare* (from Latin, meaning "to sin"), Suffix: *-illo* (diminutive suffix in Spanish, meaning "small")
129
# Define:
panegyric
| (pan-ih-**djirr**-ik)
n. a formal and elaborate public compliment; praise, laudation
## Footnote
The mayor extended a _panegyric_ to all of the citizens who were fighting overseas.
Root: *pan* (from Greek *pan*, meaning "all"), Root: *agyris* (from Greek *agyris*, meaning "assembly")
130
# Define:
quaff
| (**kwaf**)
v. to drink deeply; to intoxicate oneself with great enjoyment
## Footnote
He _quaffed_ the pint in a three hearty gulps.
131
# Define:
inchoate
| (in-**koe**-it)
adj. not fully formed
## Footnote
An _inchoate_ sense of duty is no substitute for a sober assessment of the hardships that lie ahead if you decide to follow your husband to his remote post.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "in"), Root: *coh* (from Latin *cohum*, meaning "yoke")
132
# Define:
essay
| (n., **ess**-ey; v., ess-**ey**)
n. an attempt or trial
v. to test, try, experiment, investigate
## Footnote
My frequent _essays_ at piano playing have only met with failure.
Root: *essai* (from Old French, meaning "trial" or "attempt")
133
# Define:
incisive
| (in-**sahy**-siv)
adj. quick to understand or perceptive
adj. clearly expressed; decisive
## Footnote
The boy's _incisive_ mind allowed him to excel in all of his classes.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "into"), Root: *cis* (from Latin *caedere*, meaning "to cut"), Suffix: *-ive* (from Latin, meaning "having the nature of")
134
# Define:
incorrigible
| (in-**kor**-ih-juh-bull)
adj. unable to be corrected or reformed
## Footnote
_Incorrigible_ juvenile offenders are sent to a special program within the prison.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "not"), Root: *corrig* (from Latin *corrigere*, meaning "to correct"), Suffix: *-ible* (from Latin, meaning "able to")
135
# Define:
inculcate
| (ing-**cull**-kate)
v. to teach by frequent repetition
## Footnote
Throughout the year, the faculty is expected to _inculcate_ the essentials of fire safety in the students.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "into"), Root: *culc* (from Latin *calcare*, meaning "to tread")
136
# Define:
indigenous
| (in-**didj**-ih-nuss)
adj. originating in a certain place
## Footnote
The Aborigines are a people _indigenous_ to Australia.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "in"), Root: *gen* (from Latin *gignere*, meaning "to beget"), Suffix: *-ous* (from Latin, meaning "full of")
137
# Define:
indigent
| (**in**-dih-djunt)
adj. extremely poor
## Footnote
The organization's mission was to provide educational resources to _indigent_ women in various countries.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "in"), Root: *dig* (from Latin *egere*, meaning "to need")
138
# Define:
indolent
| (**in**-dull-uhnt)
adj. habitually lazy
adj. causing little or no pain
## Footnote
The company's owner decided to fire the most _indolent_ workers first.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "not"), Root: *dol* (from Latin *dolere*, meaning "to feel pain"), Suffix: *-ent* (from Latin, meaning "being")
139
# Define:
redolent
| (**red**-uhl-uhnt)
adj. fragrant, suggestive, or evocative
## Footnote
The fraternity house was _redolent_ of stale beer and day-old pizza.
Prefix: *re-* (from Latin, meaning "again"), Root: *dol* (from Latin *olere*, meaning "to smell"), Suffix: *-ent* (from Latin, meaning "being")
140
# Define:
provident
| (**prov**-ih-duhnt)
adj. looking to the future
adj. frugal
## Footnote
The young couple's _provident_ financial planning was an asset to them later in life.
Prefix: *pro-* (from Latin, meaning "forward"), Root: *vid* (from Latin *videre*, meaning "to see"), Suffix: *-ent* (from Latin, meaning "being")
141
# Name the vocab term:
adj. delicate, insubstantial, flimsy
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "g"*
gossamer
## Footnote
synonyms: thin, delicate, light, fragile, airy, ethereal
The _gossamer_ fabric of her dress fluttered in the breeze.
142
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ comments from the critics hurt the artist deeply.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "harmful or hostile".*
inimical
## Footnote
*inimical (ih-**nim**-ih-kuhl)*
adj. hostile, unfriendly
143
# Name the vocab term:
adj. boastful of one's accomplishments or accolades; vain
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "v"*
vainglorious
## Footnote
synonyms: immodest, self-absorbed, conceited, narcissistic
His _vainglorious_ speech about his achievements bored the audience.
144
# Fill in the blank:
After the scandal, he became a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in his community.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "an outcast".*
pariah
## Footnote
*pariah (puh-**rahy**-uh)*
n. an outcast; a rejected or despised person
145
# Name the vocab term:
adj. impossible to remove or to forget
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
indelible
## Footnote
synonyms: enduring, lasting, unforgettable, permanent, ineradicable
The _indelible_ memories of her childhood shaped who she became.
146
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ regulations made it difficult for small businesses to operate.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "b" and means "overly complicated or secretive".*
byzantine
## Footnote
*byzantine (**biz**-uhn-teen)*
adj. labyrinthine, complex. intricate
147
# Name the vocab term:
v. to attack verbally, deprecate
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
inveigh
## Footnote
synonyms: remonstrate, lambaste, berate, rail against
He began to _inveigh_ against the new policies during the meeting.
148
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of forgetting to RSVP was forgiven by his friends.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "a minor offense".*
peccadillo
## Footnote
*peccadillo (pek-uh-**dil**-oh)*
n. slight infraction of rules, a minor sin
149
# Name the vocab term:
n. a formal and elaborate public compliment; praise, laudation
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
panegyric
## Footnote
synonyms: flattery, compliment, credit, tribute, eulogy
The mayor delivered a _panegyric_ in honor of the retiring teacher.
150
# Fill in the blank:
After a long day, he \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ a cold beer on the porch.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "q" and means "drank heartily".*
quaffed
## Footnote
*quaff (**kwaf**)*
v. to drink deeply; to intoxicate oneself with great enjoyment
151
# Name the vocab term:
adj. not fully formed
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
inchoate
## Footnote
synonyms: undeveloped, beginning, elementary, nascent, rudimentary
The _inchoate_ idea needed more development before it could be presented.
152
# Fill in the blank:
His first \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ at painting was filled with bold colors and energy.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "e" and means "to attempt or try".*
essay
## Footnote
*essay (n., **ess**-ey; v., ess-**ey**)*
n. an attempt or trial
v. to test, try, experiment, investigate
153
# Name the vocab term:
adj. quick to understand or perceptive
adj. clearly expressed; decisive
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
incisive
## Footnote
synonyms: intelligent, quick; clear-cut, shrewd, sharp
Her _incisive_ comments during the discussion highlighted her deep understanding of the topic.
The CEO's _incisive_ speech laid out the company's vision with clarity.
154
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ behavior in school led to multiple suspensions.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "incapable of being corrected".*
incorrigible
## Footnote
*incorrigible (in-**kor**-ih-juh-bull)*
adj. unable to be corrected or reformed
155
# Name the vocab term:
v. to teach by frequent repetition
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
inculcate
## Footnote
synonyms: communicate, drill, instill, impart, indoctrinate
The teacher aimed to _inculcate_ good study habits in her students.
156
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cultures of the region have rich traditions and histories.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "native to a particular region".*
indigenous
## Footnote
*indigenous (in-**didj**-ih-nuss)*
adj. originating in a certain place
157
# Name the vocab term:
adj. extremely poor
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
indigent
## Footnote
synonyms: destitute, impoverished, needy, penniless
The charity provides support for _indigent_ families in the community.
158
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ attitude made it difficult for him to meet deadlines.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "habitually lazy".*
indolent
## Footnote
*indolent (**in**-dull-uhnt)*
adj. habitually lazy
adj. causing little or no pain
159
# Name the vocab term:
adj. fragrant, suggestive or evocative
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "r"*
redolent
## Footnote
synonyms: aromatic, imbued with, scented, perfumed
The garden was _redolent_ with the scent of blooming flowers.
160
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nature led her to save money for emergencies.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "careful in providing for the future".*
provident
## Footnote
*provident (**prov**-ih-duhnt)*
adj. looking to the future
adj. frugal
161
# Define:
untoward
| (uhn-**tawrd**)
adj. troublesome, unruly, adverse, or indecent
## Footnote
This is not the first time I have noted _untoward_ similarities between those two students' papers.
Prefix: *un-* (meaning "not" or "opposite of")
162
# Define:
paean
| (**pee**-uhn)
n. a song or expression of joy or praise
## Footnote
After their country won the World Cup, the band wrote a _paean_ to the national team that became a Top 20 hit.
Root: *paean* (from Greek *paian*, meaning "hymn of praise")
163
# Define:
aspersion
| (uh-**spur**-zhuhn)
n. the act of defamation or maligning; a derogatory remark
## Footnote
The _aspersions_ cast by his political opponent took weeks to eradicate.
Root: *sperse* (from Latin *spargere*, meaning "to scatter")
164
# Define:
lucid
| (**lue**-sid)
adj. easy to understand
adj. transparent (permitting light to pass through)
adj. having a clear mind
## Footnote
The artist was unable to express his abstract ideas in a _lucid_ manner.
Root: *luc* (from Latin *lucidus*, meaning "light" or "clear")
165
# Define:
luminous
| (**lue**-muh-nus)
adj. emitting light; bright
adj. enlightening
## Footnote
My friend raves about this "_luminous_" collection of poems, though I didn't think it was particularly insightful.
Root: *lumin* (from Latin *luminare*, meaning "to light up")
166
# Define:
luxuriant
| (lug-**zhure**-ee-unt)
adj. growing in extreme abundance
adj. luxurious and complexly detailed
## Footnote
Anne's _luxuriant_ garden was considered the nicest in the neighborhood.
Root: *lux* (from Latin *luxus*, meaning "excess")
167
# Define:
malevolent
| (muh-**lev**-uh-lunt)
adj. wishing evil on others
## Footnote
The _malevolent_ old woman was always trying to make her neighbors miserable.
Prefix: *mal-* (meaning "bad" or "evil"), Root: *vol* (from Latin *velle*, meaning "to wish")
168
# Define:
manifest
| (**man**-ih-fest)
n. a list of the people aboard a ship or plane
adj. clearly apparent
v. to exhibit a quality
## Footnote
Linda's laziness was _manifest_ in the messy state of her apartment.
Root: *manu* (from Latin *manus*, meaning "hand"), Root: *fest* (from Latin *festus*, meaning "struck")
169
# Define:
mannered
| (**man**-urd)
adj. artificial or affected
## Footnote
The pretentious socialite had a _mannered_ way of speaking that did not impress many of her peers.
Root: *manner* (from Old French *maniere*, meaning "way" or "style")
170
# Define:
mantle
| (**man**-tul)
n. a covering or concealing object
n. a symbol of power or duty
## Footnote
Amid the spate of resignations at town hall, the untested woman was forced to accept the _mantle_ of leadership as the town's youngest mayor ever.
Root: *mantle* (from Latin *mantellum*, meaning "cloak")
171
# Define:
mar
| (**mar**)
v. to make imperfect
n. a mark that damages the appearance of something
## Footnote
Although entertaining and well-written, the screenplay was _marred_ by its dependence on stereotypes instead of well-developed characters.
Root: *mar* (from Old English *merran*, meaning "to hinder" or "to damage")
172
# Define:
martinet
| (mar-tih-**net**)
n. one who demands strict adherence to rules
## Footnote
The nanny was hired for the unruly children because of her reputation as a _martinet_ who would be sure to keep them in line.
Root: *martinet* (from the name of Jean Martinet, a strict drillmaster)
173
# Define:
matrix
| (**may**-tricks)
n. a place in which something originates or develops
## Footnote
This computer program is the _matrix_ for the movie's digital art.
Root: *matr* (from Latin *matrix*, meaning "womb" or "source")
174
# Define:
palette
| (**pal**-it)
n. a board used by artists to mix paint colors
n. a range of colors
## Footnote
The poor artist managed to make an interesting piece with a _palette_ of only black and white.
Root: *pale* (from Latin *pala*, meaning "shovel" or "spade")
175
# Define:
paradigm
| (**pair**-ih-dahym)
n. a standard example
n. a pattern or model
## Footnote
He used the Civil War as a historical _paradigm_ to support his point.
Root: *para* (from Greek *para*, meaning "beside"), Root: *deik* (from Greek *deiknynai*, meaning "to show")
176
# Define:
paramount
| (**pair**-ih-mount)
adj. most important
## Footnote
Educational reform was a _paramount_ issue for both mayoral candidates.
Prefix: *para-* (meaning "beyond"), Root: *mount* (from Latin *mons*, meaning "mountain")
177
# Define:
parch
| (**parch**)
v. to make dry
v. to make thirsty
## Footnote
The sun's intense heat _parched_ the ground and wilted the leaves on the trees.
Root: *parch* (from Middle English *perchen*, meaning "to dry")
178
# Define:
parsimonious
| (par-suh-**moh**-nee-us)
adj. frugal; cheap
## Footnote
Her aunt was too _parsimonious_ to chip in for the family's annual reunion.
Root: *pars* (from Latin *parsimonia*, meaning "frugality")
179
# Define:
pathology
| (pah-**thol**-uh-djee)
n. the study of disease
n. a disease's progression or manifestation
## Footnote
An oncologist concerns herself with the _pathology_ of cancer.
Root: *path* (from Greek *pathos*, meaning "suffering" or "disease"), Suffix: *-logy* (meaning "study of")
180
# Define:
paucity
| (**paw**-suh-tee)
n. a small amount
## Footnote
The _paucity_ of resources meant the film had to be made with unpaid actors and few crew members.
Root: *pauc* (from Latin *paucus*, meaning "few")
181
# Name the vocab term:
adj. troublesome, unruly, adverse, or indecent
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "u"*
untoward
## Footnote
synonyms: problematic, objectionable, inappropriate, difficult
His _untoward_ behavior at the party caused discomfort among the guests.
182
# Fill in the blank:
The choir sang a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to celebrate the community's achievements.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "a song or expression of praise".*
paean
## Footnote
*paean (**pee**-uhn)*
n. a song or expression of joy or praise
183
# Name the vocab term:
n. the act of defamation or maligning; derogatory remark
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
aspersion
## Footnote
synonyms: abuse, belittlement, slander, disparagement
Her comments were not just criticism; they were an _aspersion_ on his character.
184
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ explanation made the complex topic accessible to everyone.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "l" and means "clear and easy to understand".*
lucid
## Footnote
*lucid (**lue**-sid)*
adj. easy to understand
adj. transparent (permitting light to pass through)
adj. having a clear mind
185
# Name the vocab term:
adj. emitting light; bright
adj. enlightening
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "l"*
luminous
## Footnote
synonyms: glowing, edifying, radiant, brilliant
The _luminous_ stars filled the night sky with their glow.
The lecture was not only informative but also _luminous_ in its insights.
186
# Fill in the blank:
The garden was a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ display of flowers and foliage, delighting every visitor.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "l" and means "abundant and rich in growth".*
luxuriant
## Footnote
*luxuriant (lug-**zhure**-ee-unt)*
adj. growing in extreme abundance
adj. luxurious and complexly detailed
187
# Name the vocab term:
adj. wishing evil on others
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "m"*
malevolent
## Footnote
synonyms: hateful, malicious, malignant, spiteful, vindictive
His _malevolent_ glare sent chills down her spine.
188
# Fill in the blank:
The captain checked the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to ensure all passengers were accounted for.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "m" and means "clear, obvious, or an official passenger or cargo list".*
manifest
## Footnote
*manifest (**man**-ih-fest)*
n. a list of the people aboard a ship or plane
adj. clearly apparent
v. to exhibit a quality
189
# Name the vocab term:
adj. artificial or affected
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "m"*
mannered
## Footnote
synonyms: unnatural, stilted, affected, contrived
His _mannered_ speech made him seem insincere and pretentious.
190
# Fill in the blank:
He took on the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of leadership with great responsibility.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "m" and means "a cloak or a role of responsibility".*
mantle
## Footnote
*mantle (**man**-tul)*
n. a covering or concealing object
n. a symbol of power or duty
191
# Name the vocab term:
v. to make imperfect
n. a mark that damages the appearance of something
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "m"*
mar
## Footnote
synonyms: hurt, blemish, ruin, deface, spoil
The scratches on the surface will _mar_ the beauty of the table.
The small _mar_ on the painting was hardly noticeable but still bothered her.
192
# Fill in the blank:
The teacher was a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, enforcing rules with an iron fist.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "m" and means "a strict disciplinarian".*
martinet
## Footnote
*martinet (mar-tih-**net**)*
n. one who demands strict adherence to rules
193
# Name the vocab term:
n. a place in which something originates or develops
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "m"*
matrix
## Footnote
synonyms: forge, source, origin, framework, environment
The _matrix_ of the organization fosters innovation and creativity.
194
# Fill in the blank:
The artist's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was filled with vibrant hues.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "a range of colors used by an artist".*
palette
## Footnote
*palette (**pal**-it)*
n. a board used by artists to mix paint colors
n. a range of colors
195
# Name the vocab term:
n. a standard example
n. a pattern or model
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
paradigm
## Footnote
synonyms: archetype, template, model, example
The new research provides a _paradigm_ for understanding climate change.
The shift in the company's _paradigm_ allowed for greater flexibility.
196
# Fill in the blank:
Safety is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in any construction project.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "more important than anything else".*
paramount
## Footnote
*paramount (**pair**-ih-mount)*
adj. most important
197
# Name the vocab term:
v. to make dry
v. to make thirsty
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
parch
## Footnote
synonyms: dehydrate, dry, evaporate, desiccate, wither
The hot sun will quickly _parch_ the landscape.
The long hike through the desert began to _parch_ his throat.
198
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nature made her hesitant to spend money on luxuries.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "unwilling to spend money".*
parsimonious
## Footnote
*parsimonious (par-suh-**moh**-nee-us)*
adj. frugal; cheap
199
# Name the vocab term:
n. the study of disease
n. a disease's progression or manifestation
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
pathology
## Footnote
synonyms: disease science, medicine, epidemiology
_Pathology_ plays a crucial role in diagnosing medical conditions.
The _pathology_ of the disease can vary significantly between patients.
200
# Fill in the blank:
There was a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of evidence to support his claims.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "scarcity or smallness of number".*
paucity
## Footnote
*paucity (**paw**-suh-tee)*
n. a small amount
