1
Q
Define:
nonchalant
(non-shuh-lont)
A
adj. casually unconcerned
Lauren was nonchalant about being chosen as valedictorian; she simply didn’t think it was a big deal.
Prefix: non- (meaning “not”)
2
Q
Define:
oscillate
(oss-ih-lehyt)
A
v. to move or swing from side to side
v. to waver between conflicting positions
Her feelings towards her cynical commanding officer oscillated between admiration and disgust.
Root: oscill (from Latin oscillare, meaning “to swing”)
3
Q
Define:
ostentatious
(oss-ten-tay-shuss)
A
adj. intended to impress
adj. characterized by pretension
She loves to show off that ostentatious ring her rich husband got for her.
Root: ostent (from Latin ostentare, meaning “to display”)
4
Q
Define:
overwrought
(oh-vur-rawt)
A
adj. deeply agitated or anxious
Everyone in the family was overwrought with the thought that the children might be in danger.
Prefix: over- (meaning “excessively”)
5
Q
Define:
pacific
(puh-sif-ick)
A
adj. of a peaceful nature
adj. promoting peace and conflict resolution
The government decided to pursue a pacific policy and call back its troops on the border.
Root: pac (from Latin pax, meaning “peace”)
6
Q
Define:
palatable
(pal-ih-tuh-bull)
A
adj. acceptable to one’s taste or mind
Though clearly necessary to balance the budget, unpopular tax increases are not palatable to any political party.
Suffix: -able (meaning “capable of”)
7
Q
Define:
perennial
(puh-ren-ee-ul)
A
adj. endless
adj. recurring over and over
Not being able to pay rent on time was a perennial problem for him.
Prefix: per- (from Latin, meaning “through”); Root: enn (from Latin annus, meaning “year”)
8
Q
Define:
perfidy
(per-fih-dee)
A
n. a betrayal of trust
The soldier was known for his loyalty, so his act of perfidy was particularly shocking to his superior officers.
Prefix: per- (from Latin, meaning “through” or “thoroughly”); Root: fid (from Latin fides, meaning “faith”)
9
Q
Define:
perfunctory
(per-funk-tuh-ree)
A
adj. done as a formality, without attention to detail
Her apology was clearly only a perfunctory gesture and not truly heartfelt.
Prefix: per- (from Latin, meaning “through” or “thoroughly”); Root: funct (from Latin fungi, meaning “to perform”)
10
Q
Define:
pernicious
(per-nish-us)
A
adj. harmful; hurtful, especially in a slow or subtle way
The pernicious effects of money in politics are hardly unique to this country.
Prefix: per- (from Latin, meaning “through” or “thoroughly”); Root: nic (from Latin nex, meaning “death” or “harm”)
11
Q
Define:
perspicacity
(per-spih-kass-ih-tee)
A
n. sharp powers of observation
The writer’s perspicacity made it easy for her to understand and write about human nature.
Prefix: per- (from Latin, meaning “through”); Root: spic (from Latin specere, meaning “to look” or “to see”)
12
Q
Define:
perturb
(purr-turb)
A
v. to disturb or cause disorder, esp. in one’s mental state
Even her sleep was perturbed by her obsession over her credit card debt.
Prefix: per- (from Latin, meaning “through” or “thoroughly”); Root: turb (from Latin turbare, meaning “to disturb”)
13
Q
Define:
placate
(play-kate)
A
v. to ease another’s anger
Lewis attempted to placate the angry woman whose car had been hit, but she continued screaming and pacing back and forth.
Root: plac (from Latin placare, meaning “to please” or “to soothe”)
14
Q
Define:
placid
(plass-id)
A
adj. free from disturbance
There currently reigns a placid atmosphere at City Hall, but don’t expect it to last much longer.
Root: plac (from Latin placidus, meaning “calm” or “peaceful”)
15
Q
Define:
pivotal
(piv-uh-tul)
A
adj. of crucial importance
The audience was enraged when the film reel broke during a pivotal scene in the movie.
Root: pivot (from French pivot, meaning “axis or shaft”)
16
Q
Define:
pragmatic
(prag-mat-ick)
A
adj. guided by practical experience and observation
Her pragmatic attitude often put her at odds with her idealistic peers, whom she called unrealistic and naive.
Root: pragmat (from Greek pragma, meaning “deed or act”)
17
Q
Define:
predilection
(pred-ih-leck-shun)
A
n. preference; a strong liking for
He had a predilection for expensive cars that was hard on his wallet.
Prefix: pre- (from Latin, meaning “before”); Root: dilect (from Latin diligere, meaning “to love” or “to choose”)
18
Q
Define:
preside
(prih-zahyd)
A
v. to be in a position of authority over a group
The newly-elected president presided over the first meeting of the council in September.
Prefix: pre- (from Latin, meaning “before”); Root: sid (from Latin sedere, meaning “to sit”)
19
Q
Define:
prevaricate
(pruh-vair-ih-kate)
A
v. to be deliberately ambiguous in order to hide the truth; to lie
The guest chose to prevaricate by answering the host’s questions with unrelated anecdotes.
Prefix: pre- (from Latin, meaning “before”); Root: varic (from Latin varicare, meaning “to straddle” or “to walk crookedly”)
20
Q
Define:
probity
(pro-bih-tee)
A
n. honesty and decency
The group chose Eduardo to represent them, not only because he was the eldest, but because he had shown the most probity during their discussions.
Root: prob (from Latin probus, meaning “good or honest”)
21
Q
Name the vocab term:
adj. casually unconcerned
Hint: starts with “n”
A
nonchalant
synonyms: easygoing, careless, indifferent, unconcerned
The student remained nonchalant despite the looming exam.
22
Q
Fill in the blank:
The pendulum began to ________ steadily after being released.
Hint: Starts with “o” and means “to swing back and forth”.
A
oscillate
oscillate (oss-ih-lehyt)
v. to move or swing from side to side
v. to waver between conflicting positions
23
Q
Name the vocab term:
adj. intended to impress
adj. characterized by pretension
Hint: starts with “o”
A
ostentatious
synonyms: showy, flashy, pretentious, flamboyant, extravagant
His ostentatious display of wealth drew unwanted attention.
She wore an ostentatious gown that outshone everyone at the party.
24
Q
Fill in the blank:
She felt ________ after hearing the unsettling news.
Hint: Starts with “o” and means “overly elaborate or agitated”.
A
overwrought
overwrought (oh-vur-rawt)
adj. deeply agitated or anxious
25
# Name the vocab term:
adj. of a peaceful nature
adj. promoting peace and conflict resolution
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
pacific
## Footnote
synonyms: soothing, peaceful, conciliatory, calm, tranquil
The _pacific_ tone of the speaker calmed the restless crowd.
Her _pacific_ approach to conflict resolution was admirable.
26
# Fill in the blank:
The dish was surprisingly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, even for the picky eater.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "pleasant to taste or acceptable".*
palatable
## Footnote
*palatable (**pal**-ih-tuh-bull)*
adj. acceptable to one's taste or mind
27
# Name the vocab term:
adj. endless
adj. recurring over and over
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
perennial
## Footnote
synonyms: enduring, perpetual, ceaseless, everlasting, constant
The garden was filled with _perennial_ flowers that bloomed each spring.
Her _perennial_ optimism inspired those around her.
28
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ shattered the friendship they had built over the years.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "treachery or betrayal".*
perfidy
## Footnote
*perfidy (**per**-fih-dee)*
n. a betrayal of trust
29
# Name the vocab term:
adj. done as a formality, without attention to detail
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
perfunctory
## Footnote
synonyms: automatic, habitual, careless, routine, mechanical
She gave a _perfunctory_ nod, barely listening to the conversation.
30
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ effects of the pollution were evident in the dying trees.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "causing great harm".*
pernicious
## Footnote
*pernicious (per-**nish**-us)*
adj. harmful; hurtful
31
# Name the vocab term:
n. acute perception
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
perspicacity
## Footnote
synonyms: insight, astuteness, discernment, perception, sharpness
Her _perspicacity_ allowed her to see through the deception.
32
# Fill in the blank:
The unexpected news began to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ her usual calm demeanor.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "to disturb or unsettle".*
perturb
## Footnote
*perturb (purr-**turb**)*
v. to disturb or cause disorder, esp. in one's mental state
33
# Name the vocab term:
v. to ease another's anger
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
placate
## Footnote
synonyms: soothe, pacify, appease, calm, assuage
She tried to _placate_ her friend after their heated argument.
34
# Fill in the blank:
The lake was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, reflecting the clear blue sky.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "calm and peaceful".*
placid
## Footnote
*placid (**plass**-id)*
adj. free from disturbance
35
# Name the vocab term:
adj. of crucial importance
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
pivotal
## Footnote
synonyms: critical, crucial, essential, key, significant
His research proved to be _pivotal_ in the development of new treatments.
36
# Fill in the blank:
The committee took a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ approach to solving the issue.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "dealing with things practically".*
pragmatic
## Footnote
*pragmatic (prag-**mat**-ick)*
adj. guided by practical experience and observation
37
# Name the vocab term:
n. preference; a strong liking for
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
predilection
## Footnote
synonyms: inclination, love, fondness, preference, tendency
She has a _predilection_ for classic literature over modern novels.
38
# Fill in the blank:
The judge will \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ over the case next week.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "to be in charge of a meeting or event".*
preside
## Footnote
*preside (prih-**zahyd**)*
v. to be in a position of authority over a group
39
# Name the vocab term:
v. to be deliberately ambiguous in order to hide the truth; to lie
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
prevaricate
## Footnote
synonyms: deceive, garble, misrepresent, equivocate, lie
When questioned, he tended to _prevaricate_ rather than give a straight answer.
40
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in all dealings earned her the trust of her colleagues.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "integrity and honesty".*
probity
## Footnote
*probity (**pro**-bih-tee)*
n. honesty and decency
41
# Define:
proclivity
| (pro-**kliv**-ih-tee)
n. a natural inclination
## Footnote
Her _proclivity_ for laziness is going to be a problem when we begin the new project.
Prefix: *pro-* (from Latin, meaning "forward" or "in favor of"); Root: *cliv* (from Latin *clivus*, meaning "slope")
42
# Define:
prodigal
| (**prod**-ih-guhl)
adj. lavishly wasteful
adj. being generous or giving abundantly
n. one who spends recklessly
## Footnote
The woman ended up regretting her _prodigal_ lifestyle when she went bankrupt after a few years.
Prefix: *pro-* (from Latin, meaning "forward" or "forth"); Root: *ag* (from Latin *agere*, meaning "to drive" or "to lead")
43
# Define:
pugnacious
| (pug-**nehy**-shuss)
adj. combative in nature
## Footnote
The _pugnacious_ young man was eventually suspended for constantly fighting with other students.
Root: *pugn* (from Latin *pugnare*, meaning "to fight"); Suffix: *-acious* (from Latin, indicating a tendency or inclination)
44
# Define:
quandary
| (**kwon**-duh-ree)
n. a state of uncertainty, a dilemma
## Footnote
After receiving several great offers, I was in a _quandary_ as to which I should accept.
Root: *quand* (possibly from Latin *quando*, meaning "when" or "at what time")
45
# Define:
quash
| (**kwash**)
v. to forcibly suppress
v. to extinguish
## Footnote
The prosecution's star witness _quashed_ any chance the defense had of winning the trial.
Root: *quassare* (from Latin, meaning "to shake" or "to shatter")
46
# Define:
quibble
| (**kwib**-ul)
v. to evade the truth or importance of an issue by raising trivial objections
n. a trivial objection
## Footnote
The argument grew even more aggravating when my opponent began to _quibble_ with me over semantics.
Root: *quib* (possibly from Latin *qui*, meaning "who" or "what")
47
# Define:
quiescent
| (kwee-**ess**-unt)
adj. being quiet or still
## Footnote
The outlying region, usually a _quiescent_ outpost of the empire, was the unlikely origin of the rebellion that would unseat the emperor.
Root: *quiesc* (from Latin *quiescere*, meaning "to rest" or "to be quiet"); Suffix: *-ent* (from Latin, indicating an adjective form)
48
# Define:
rancor
| (**rang**-kur)
n. a feeling of deep and bitter anger
## Footnote
Once the game ended there was no _rancor_ between the opponents, despite the intensity of their match.
Root: *ranc* (from Latin *rancere*, meaning "to be rank" or "to stink")
49
# Define:
recalcitrant
| (rih-**kal**-sih-trunt)
adj. stubborn and defiant of authority
## Footnote
Instead of obeying the police's instructions, the protesters became _recalcitrant_ and refused to move.
Prefix: *re-* (from Latin, meaning "back" or "again"); Root: *calcitr* (from Latin *calcitrare*, meaning "to kick")
50
# Define:
recess
| (**ree**-sess)
v. to suspend proceedings
n. a break from class or business
n. an indented or hollowed-out space
## Footnote
The legislative body will _recess_ next week.
Prefix: *re-* (from Latin, meaning "back" or "again"); Root: *cess* (from Latin *cedere*, meaning "to go" or "to yield")
51
# Define:
redoubtable
| (rih-**dow**-tuh-bull)
adj. fearsome or awe-inspiring
## Footnote
I knew Mauricio would be a _redoubtable_ opponent after hearing my own coach sing his praises.
Prefix: *re-* (from Latin, meaning "again" or "back"); Root: *doubt* (from Latin *dubitare*, meaning "to doubt"); Suffix: *-able* (from Latin, indicating capability)
52
# Define:
sagacious
| (suh-**gehy**-shuss)
adj. very insightful or shrewd
## Footnote
My best friend is quite _sagacious_, so I know I can always turn to her for wise advice.
Root: *sagac* (from Latin *sagax*, meaning "wise" or "perceptive"); Suffix: *-ious* (from Latin, forming adjectives)
53
# Define:
salubrious
| (suh-**loo**-bree-uss)
adj. healthy or health-promoting
## Footnote
My new exercise routine has had a _salubrious_ impact on my life.
Root: *salubr* (from Latin *salubris*, meaning "healthful"); Suffix: *-ious* (from Latin, forming adjectives)
54
# Define:
salutary
| (**sal**-yuh-tare-ee)
adj. beneficial, esp. relating to health
## Footnote
Anti-pollution laws have _salutary_ effects for humans and animals.
Root: *salut* (from Latin *salus*, meaning "health" or "welfare"); Suffix: *-ary* (from Latin, forming adjectives)
55
# Define:
satiate
| (**sehy**-she-ehyt)
v. to fill to satisfaction
## Footnote
Sasha knew that the small portions served in the cafeteria would not _satiate_ him.
Root: *sati* (from Latin *satis*, meaning "enough"); Suffix: *-ate* (from Latin, forming verbs)
56
# Define:
scruple
| (**skrew**-pull)
n. an ethical or moral concern
v. to hesitate on moral grounds
## Footnote
The man _scrupled_ to tell a blatant lie, but eventually realized that he had no choice.
Root: *scrupul* (from Latin *scrupulus*, meaning "a small sharp stone" or "anxiety")
57
# Define:
sedentary
| (**sed**-en-tair-ee)
adj. sitting or seated
adj. tending to stay in the same place
## Footnote
Ming wanted to quit his _sedentary_ job at the library and become a police officer.
Root: *sed* (from Latin *sedere*, meaning "to sit"); Suffix: *-ary* (from Latin, forming adjectives)
58
# Define:
sediment
| (**sed**-ih-munt)
n. matter deposited by some natural process
n. settled matter at the bottom of a liquid
## Footnote
Kate refused to drink the water from the well when she noticed the _sediment_ at the bottom of the bucket.
Root: *sed* (from Latin *sedere*, meaning "to sit"); Suffix: *-ment* (from Latin, indicating a result or means)
59
# Define:
sordid
| (**sore**-did)
adj. dirty or rundown
adj. immoral or unethical
## Footnote
During the divorce trial, the husband was asked to reveal the _sordid_ details of his affair.
Root: *sord* (from Latin *sordere*, meaning "to be dirty")
60
# Define:
specious
| (**spee**-shuss)
adj. plausible but false
adj. deceptively pleasing
## Footnote
After doing some research of my own, I realized that his argument was _specious_ at best.
Root: *spec* (from Latin *specere*, meaning "to look" or "to see"); Suffix: *-ious* (from Latin, forming adjectives)
61
# Name the vocab term:
n. a natural inclination
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
proclivity
## Footnote
synonyms: tendency, disposition, leaning, inclination, propensity
His _proclivity_ for music was evident from a young age.
62
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ spending habits led to financial trouble.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "wastefully extravagant".*
prodigal
## Footnote
*prodigal (**prod**-ih-guhl)*
adj. lavishly wasteful
adj. being generous or giving abundantly
adj. one who spends recklessly
63
# Name the vocab term:
adj. combative in nature
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
pugnacious
## Footnote
synonyms: hostile, belligerent, combative, aggressive, quarrelsome
The _pugnacious_ dog barked at every passerby.
64
# Fill in the blank:
She found herself in a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ about which job offer to accept.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "q" and means "a state of uncertainty or doubt".*
quandary
## Footnote
*quandary (**kwon**-duh-ree)*
n. a state of uncertainty, a dilemma
65
# Name the vocab term:
v. to forcibly suppress
v. to extinguish
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "q"*
quash
## Footnote
synonyms: defeat, destroy, squash, suppress, extinguish
The court decided to _quash_ the earlier ruling.
66
# Fill in the blank:
Don't \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ over small details; focus on the big picture.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "q" and means "to argue over trivial matters".*
quibble
## Footnote
*quibble (**kwib**-ul)*
v. to evade the truth or importance of an issue by raising trivial objections
n. a trivial objection
67
# Name the vocab term:
adj. being quiet or still
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "q"*
quiescent
## Footnote
synonyms: inactive, motionless, inert, dormant, still
The _quiescent_ village was a stark contrast to the bustling city.
68
# Fill in the blank:
There was no \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ between the players after the game.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "deep-seated bitterness".*
rancor
## Footnote
*rancor (**rang**-kur)*
n. a feeling of deep and bitter anger
69
# Name the vocab term:
adj. stubborn and defiant of authority
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "r"*
recalcitrant
## Footnote
synonyms: disobedient, resistant, rebellious, obstinate, uncooperative
The _recalcitrant_ student refused to follow the school rules.
70
# Fill in the blank:
The committee will \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for lunch before continuing the discussion.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "a break or hidden place".*
recess
## Footnote
*recess (**ree**-sess)*
v. to suspend proceedings
n. a break from class or business
n. an indented or hollowed-out space
71
# Name the vocab term:
adj. fearsome or awe-inspiring
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "r"*
redoubtable
## Footnote
synonyms: dreadful, admirable, worthy, formidable, fearsome
He was a _redoubtable_ opponent on the chessboard.
72
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ advice always proved valuable.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "wise and shrewd".*
sagacious
## Footnote
*sagacious (suh-**gehy**-shuss)*
adj. very insightful or shrewd
73
# Name the vocab term:
adj. healthy or health-promoting
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
salubrious
## Footnote
synonyms: beneficial, good, hygienic, healthful, wholesome
The _salubrious_ climate attracted many retirees.
74
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ effects of exercise are well-documented.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "producing good effects".*
salutary
## Footnote
*salutary (**sal**-yuh-tare-ee)*
adj. beneficial, esp. relating to health
75
# Name the vocab term:
v. to fill to satisfaction
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
satiate
## Footnote
synonyms: satisfy, stuff, gratify, fulfill, quench
She hoped the meal would _satiate_ her hunger.
76
# Fill in the blank:
He had a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ about lying to his friend.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "a moral hesitation".*
scruple
## Footnote
*scruple (**skrew**-pull)*
n. an ethical or moral concern
v. to hesitate on moral grounds
77
# Name the vocab term:
adj. sitting or seated
adj. tending to stay in the same place
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
sedentary
## Footnote
synonyms: desk-bound, motionless, stationary, inactive, immobile
His _sedentary_ lifestyle contributed to his weight gain.
78
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ at the bottom of the lake was thick and dark.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "matter that settles at the bottom of liquid".*
sediment
## Footnote
*sediment (**sed**-ih-munt)*
n. matter deposited by some natural process
n. settled matter at the bottom of a liquid
79
# Name the vocab term:
adj. dirty or rundown
adj. immoral or unethical
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
sordid
## Footnote
synonyms: nasty, vile, corrupt, filthy, disreputable
The _sordid_ details of the affair were shocking.
80
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ argument failed to convince the jury.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "superficially plausible but false".*
specious
## Footnote
*specious (**spee**-shuss)*
adj. plausible but false
adj. deceptively pleasing
81
# Define:
sporadic
| (spuh-**rad**-ik)
adj. occurring occasionally and without pattern
## Footnote
Our vacation plans were ruined by _sporadic_ rain that seemed to start every time we headed towards the beach.
Root: *spor* (from Greek *sporas*, meaning "scattered")
82
# Define:
spurious
| (**spure**-ee-us)
adj. intending to deceive
adj. not valid or genuine
## Footnote
The tabloid writers made up _spurious_ accusations against the young actor.
Root: *spur* (from Latin *spurius*, meaning "false")
83
# Define:
squalor
| (**skwol**-er)
n. filth; poverty
## Footnote
The town's poorest inhabitants live in _squalor_ due to their inability to access clean water.
Root: *squal* (from Latin *squalere*, meaning "to be filthy")
84
# Define:
stark
| (**stark**)
adj. complete or extreme
adj. very simple
adj. bare or blunt
## Footnote
The expensive car that he parked outside stood in _stark_ contrast to the impoverished neighborhood surrounding it.
Root: *stark* (from Old English *stearc*, meaning "stiff, strong")
85
# Define:
stoic
| (**stow**-ick)
adj. indifferent to pleasure or pain
n. one who is indifferent to pleasure or pain
## Footnote
The defendant remained _stoic_ throughout the trial despite the harshness of the prosecution's questions.
Root: *stoic* (from Greek *stoa*, meaning "porch"; refers to the Stoic philosophers who taught on a porch)
86
# Define:
stratum
| (**strat**-um)
n. a horizontal layer of material
n. a level of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status
## Footnote
Friction between two social _strata_ can often lead to political upheaval.
Root: *strat* (from Latin *stratum*, meaning "layer")
87
# Define:
stria
| (**strahy**-uh)
n. a linear mark, ridge, or groove, esp. one of a number of similar parallel features
## Footnote
We examined the _striae_ on the rocks to see if they were really from the same underground cave.
Root: *stri* (from Latin *stria*, meaning "furrow, groove")
88
# Define:
strident
| (**strahyd**-unt)
adj. unpleasantly loud and harsh
## Footnote
Her _strident_ voice made me dread our weekly phone conversations.
Root: *strid* (from Latin *stridere*, meaning "to make a harsh noise")
89
# Define:
stringent
| (**strin**-djunt)
adj. strictly controlled or enforced
## Footnote
Since accidents on roller coasters can often be fatal, amusement parks must undergo _stringent_ testing before being opened to the public.
Root: *string* (from Latin *stringere*, meaning "to bind tightly")
90
# Define:
stymie
| (**stahy**-mee)
n. a situation that defies progress or resolution
v. to prevent or hinder the progress of something
## Footnote
The guard dogs managed to _stymie_ the thief as he tried to break into the house.
91
# Define:
succinct
| (suck-**singkt**)
adj. brief
## Footnote
Since there were only a few minutes left in the meeting, the final speaker had to keep his comments _succinct_ and to the point.
Prefix: *sub-* (from Latin, meaning "under"); Root: *cinct* (from Latin *cingere*, meaning "to gird")
92
# Define:
transient
| (**tran**-zee-uhnt)
adj. not permanent
adj. moving from place to place
n. one who moves from place to place
## Footnote
The _transient_ relied on the kindness of strangers whenever he arrived in a new town.
Root: *trans* (from Latin *transire*, meaning "to go across")
93
# Define:
trepidation
| (trep-ih-**dehy**-shun)
n. a feeling of fear or agitation
## Footnote
Janice had to face her _trepidation_ about flying in order to make the trip to California.
Root: *trepid* (from Latin *trepidare*, meaning "to tremble")
94
# Define:
turbid
| (**tur**-bid)
adj. clouded due to sediment
adj. confused
## Footnote
I dropped my phone in the lake and couldn't find it in the _turbid_ water.
Root: *turb* (from Latin *turbidus*, meaning "confused, disordered")
95
# Define:
ubiquitous
| (you-**bick**-wih-tuss)
adj. present everywhere
## Footnote
In her neighborhood, Starbucks shops had become _ubiquitous_; she couldn't walk two blocks without passing one.
Root: *ubiquit* (from Latin *ubique*, meaning "everywhere")
96
# Define:
unfeigned
| (un-**feynd**)
adj. sincerely felt or expressed
## Footnote
Although it seemed a ridiculous concern to us, Joyce's preoccupation with her little sister's sprained ankle was _unfeigned_.
Prefix: *un-* (meaning "not"); Root: *feign* (from Latin *fingere*, meaning "to shape, invent")
97
# Define:
unimpeachable
| (un-im-**pee**-chuh-bull)
adj. beyond doubt or suspicion
## Footnote
To win the case, the defense would need an _unimpeachable_ witness to prove their client's virtuous character.
Prefix: *un-* (meaning "not"); Root: *impeach* (from Latin *impedicare*, meaning "to entangle")
98
# Define:
untenable
| (un-**ten**-ih-bull)
adj. impossible to maintain or defend, as of an opinion
## Footnote
Kate is argumentative enough to support even the most _untenable_ positions.
Prefix: *un-* (meaning "not"); Root: *ten* (from Latin *tenere*, meaning "to hold")
99
# Define:
vacillate
| (**vass**-ih-lehyt)
v. to waver between conflicting positions
## Footnote
Both sides made such convincing arguments that the judge _vacillated_ between them for days before coming to a decision.
Root: *vacill* (from Latin *vacillare*, meaning "to sway to and fro")
100
# Define:
vacuous
| (**vak**-yoo-us)
adj. devoid of significance or matter; empty
adj. lacking serious purpose or occupation
## Footnote
I told him pointedly to stop wasting my time with his _vacuous_ comments.
Root: *vac* (from Latin *vacuus*, meaning "empty")
101
# Name the vocab term:
adj. occurring occasionally and without pattern
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
sporadic
## Footnote
synonyms: random, scattered, seldom, intermittent, occasional
The _sporadic_ rain made planning difficult.
102
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ claims were quickly debunked.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "false or not genuine".*
spurious
## Footnote
*spurious (**spure**-ee-us)*
adj. intending to deceive
adj. not valid or genuine
103
# Name the vocab term:
n. filth; poverty
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
squalor
## Footnote
synonyms: dirtiness, destitution, filth, misery, deprivation
They lived in _squalor_, struggling to make ends meet.
104
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ contrast between rich and poor was evident.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "severe or bare in appearance".*
stark
## Footnote
*stark (**stark**)*
adj. complete or extreme
adj. very simple
adj. bare or blunt
105
# Name the vocab term:
adj. indifferent to pleasure or pain
n. one who is indifferent to pleasure or pain
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
stoic
## Footnote
synonyms: apathetic, detached, impassive, indifferent, unemotional
The _stoic_ soldier bore his injuries without complaint.
The _stoic_ remained calm during the chaos, showing no signs of distress.
106
# Fill in the blank:
Archaeologists studied the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to understand past civilizations.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "a layer or level".*
stratum
## Footnote
*stratum (**strat**-um)*
n. a horizontal layer of material
n. a level of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status
107
# Name the vocab term:
n. a linear mark, ridge, or groove, esp. one of a number of similar parallel features
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
stria
## Footnote
synonyms: banding, groove, stripe, line, marking
The _striae_ on the surface revealed the rock's history.
108
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ voice carried over the crowd.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "harsh and loud".*
strident
## Footnote
*strident (**strahyd**-unt)*
adj. unpleasantly loud and harsh
109
# Name the vocab term:
adj. strictly controlled or enforced
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
stringent
## Footnote
synonyms: binding, strict, rigorous, severe, exacting
The _stringent_ regulations ensured safety at the event.
110
# Fill in the blank:
The ongoing conflict created a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for negotiations.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "to block or hinder".*
stymie
## Footnote
*stymie (**stahy**-mee)*
n. a situation that defies progress or resolution
v. to prevent or hinder the progress of something
111
# Name the vocab term:
adj. brief
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
succinct
## Footnote
synonyms: blunt, compact, brief, concise, terse
Her _succinct_ explanation clarified the complex topic.
112
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nature of his job meant he frequently relocated.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "t" and means "lasting only a short time".*
transient
## Footnote
*transient (**tran**-zee-uhnt)*
adj. not permanent
adj. moving from place to place
n. one who moves from place to place
113
# Name the vocab term:
n. a feeling of fear or agitation
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "t"*
trepidation
## Footnote
synonyms: anxiety, worry, apprehension, fear, unease
He approached the stage with _trepidation_ before his performance.
114
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ waters made it difficult to see the bottom.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "t" and means "cloudy or unclear".*
turbid
## Footnote
*turbid (**tur**-bid)*
adj. clouded due to sediment
adj. confused
115
# Name the vocab term:
adj. present everywhere
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "u"*
ubiquitous
## Footnote
synonyms: everywhere, omnipresent, pervasive, universal, all-over
Smartphones have become _ubiquitous_ in modern society.
116
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ gratitude was evident in her warm smile.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "u" and means "genuine and sincere".*
unfeigned
## Footnote
*unfeigned (un-**feynd**)*
adj. sincerely felt or expressed
117
# Name the vocab term:
adj. beyond doubt or suspicion
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "u"*
unimpeachable
## Footnote
synonyms: blameless, spotless, immaculate, irreproachable, undeniable
The witness's _unimpeachable_ testimony helped secure the verdict.
118
# Fill in the blank:
Their argument became \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ after the new evidence emerged.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "u" and means "not defensible or sustainable".*
untenable
## Footnote
*untenable (un-**ten**-ih-bull)*
adj. impossible to maintain or defend, as of an opinion
119
# Name the vocab term:
v. to waver between conflicting positions
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "v"*
vacillate
## Footnote
synonyms: fluctuate, hesitate, to be unsure, waver, dither
She began to _vacillate_ between two job offers, unsure of which to choose.
120
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ remarks contributed nothing to the discussion.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "v" and means "lacking thought or intelligence".*
vacuous
## Footnote
*vacuous (**vak**-yoo-us)*
adj. devoid of significance or matter; empty
adj. lacking serious purpose or occupation
121
# Define:
vociferous
| (voe-**siff**-er-uss)
adj. loud and insistent, esp. to compel attention
## Footnote
The _vociferous_ mob gathered outside the store and awakened its owner.
Prefix: *voc* (from Latin *vox*, meaning "voice" or "call"); Suffix: *-ferous* (from Latin *-fer*, meaning "bearing" or "carrying")
122
# Define:
wanderlust
| (**wawn**-der-lust)
n. the desire to travel
## Footnote
A sudden feeling of _wanderlust_ encouraged me to pack my bags and head to Mexico.
Root: *wander* (from Old English *wandrian*, meaning "to roam"); Suffix: *-lust* (from German *Lust*, meaning "desire" or "pleasure")
123
# Define:
wheedle
| (**weed**-ul)
v. to coax or persuade
## Footnote
Eventually the ice-cream truck driver was _wheedled_ into giving the sullen child a free scoop.
Root: *wheedle* (of uncertain origin, possibly related to Old English *wǣdlian*, meaning "to beg")
124
# Define:
volatile
| (**voll**-ih-tull)
adj. likely to change suddenly
adj. liable to lead to violence
adj. evaporating easily
## Footnote
The situation in the war-torn country soon became too _volatile_ for most reporters and travelers to stay there safely.
Root: *vola* (from Latin *volare*, meaning "to fly"); Suffix: *-tile* (from Latin *-tilis*, indicating capability or tendency)
125
# Define:
zenith
| (**zee**-nith)
n. the highest point or peak
n. the point directly above one's head
## Footnote
Climbing to the _zenith_ of the mountain will be difficult, but it has been a dream of mine since childhood.
Root: *zenith* (from Arabic *samt*, meaning "path" or "way")
126
# Define:
abjure
| (ab-**djoor**)
v. to renounce or reject solemnly; to recant or avoid
## Footnote
The monks had to _abjure_ all indulgences.
Prefix: *ab-* (from Latin, meaning "away from"); Root: *jur* (from Latin *jurare*, meaning "to swear")
127
# Define:
condign
| (kon-**dahyn**)
adj. deserved, adequate
## Footnote
Though I believe I am compassionate, I will not hesitate to mete out a _condign_ punishment to wrongdoers.
Prefix: *con-* (from Latin, meaning "with" or "together"); Root: *dign* (from Latin *dignus*, meaning "worthy")
128
# Define:
debonair
| (deb-uh-**nair**)
adj. suave, urbane, affable, genial, charming, stylish
## Footnote
The ladies were all drawn to the _debonair_ newcomer.
Prefix: *de-* (from Latin, meaning "of" or "from"); Root: *bon* (from Latin *bonus*, meaning "good"); Suffix: *-air* (from Old French, meaning "nature" or "disposition")
129
# Define:
inveigle
| (in-**vey**-guhl)
v. to obtain by deception or flattery
## Footnote
He _inveigled_ the information from the president's wife.
Root: *inveigle* (from Old French *avugler*, meaning "to blind")
130
# Define:
philistine
| (**fil**-uh-steen)
adj. barbaric; lacking culture
n. an individual guided by commonplace, rather than artistic or intellectual, values
## Footnote
Why, the _philistine_ even declared that he hated the theater!
Root: *philistine* (from Late Latin *Philistinus*, referring to a member of the Philistines, an ancient people)
131
# Define:
suffuse
| (suh-**fyooz**)
v. to spread through or over something, as with liquid, color, or light
## Footnote
The sky was _suffused_ with deep colors.
Prefix: *suf-* (variant of *sub-*, from Latin, meaning "under" or "below"); Root: *fuse* (from Latin *fundere*, meaning "to pour")
132
# Define:
mettlesome
| (**met**-uhl-sum)
adj. courageous, high-spirited
## Footnote
The _mettlesome_ police officer saved the hostage.
Root: *mettle* (variant of *metal*, meaning "spirit" or "courage"); Suffix: *-some* (from Old English, indicating possession of a quality)
133
# Define:
compunction
| (kuhm-**punk**-shun)
n. hesitation or unease at committing (or having committed) an act
## Footnote
A hardened criminal usually has no _compunction_ about hurting bystanders in order to evade the police.
Prefix: *com-* (from Latin, meaning "with" or "together"); Root: *punct* (from Latin *pungere*, meaning "to prick"); Suffix: *-ion* (from Latin, indicating an action or condition)
134
# Define:
contravene
| (kon-truh-**veen**)
v. to violate, or to conflict with a rule or principle
## Footnote
Until recently, Americans could not visit that country without _contravening_ federal law.
Prefix: *contra-* (from Latin, meaning "against"); Root: *vene* (from Latin *venire*, meaning "to come")
135
# Define:
limn
| (**lim**)
v. to draw; to describe; to depict
## Footnote
Here, the philosopher _limns_ a basic theory of just governance.
Root: *limn* (from Middle English *limnen*, meaning "to illuminate" or "to depict")
136
# Define:
obloquy
| (**ob**-luh-kwee)
n. abusive language; damage to one's reputation; disgrace
## Footnote
The president earned _obloquy_ for his tax hikes.
Prefix: *ob-* (from Latin, meaning "against"); Root: *loqu* (from Latin *loqui*, meaning "to speak")
137
# Define:
abate
| (uh-**behyt**)
v. to decrease in intensity
## Footnote
The ferocity of the fighting has started to _abate_, though the civilian population is still in great danger.
Prefix: *ab-* (from Latin, meaning "away from"); Root: *bate* (from Old French *batre*, meaning "to beat")
138
# Define:
abdicate
| (**ab**-dih-kate)
v. to willingly let go of; to relinquish
## Footnote
The king _abdicated_ the throne rather than expose his nation to a potentially crippling civil war.
Prefix: *ab-* (from Latin, meaning "away from"); Root: *dic* (from Latin *dicare*, meaning "to proclaim")
139
# Define:
aberrant
| (**ab**-buh-runt)
adj. abnormal, deviating from the norm
## Footnote
The _aberrant_ accounting numbers led officials to conclude that a crime had been committed.
Prefix: *ab-* (from Latin, meaning "away from"); Root: *err* (from Latin *errare*, meaning "to wander")
140
# Define:
abrade
| (uh-**brehyd**)
v. to erode or rub away
## Footnote
The statue's hand was _abraded_ from all of the tourists rubbing it for luck.
Prefix: *ab-* (from Latin, meaning "away from"); Root: *rade* (from Latin *radere*, meaning "to scrape")
141
# Name the vocab term:
adj. loud and insistent, esp. to compel attention
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "v"*
vociferous
## Footnote
synonyms: clamorous, noisy, distracting, boisterous, uproarious
The _vociferous_ crowd demanded answers from the officials.
142
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ led her to explore new countries every year.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "w" and means "a strong desire to travel".*
wanderlust
## Footnote
*wanderlust (**wawn**-der-lust)*
n. the desire to travel
143
# Name the vocab term:
v. to coax or persuade
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "w"*
wheedle
## Footnote
synonyms: to influence through flattery, to entice, coax, persuade
He tried to _wheedle_ his way into getting a free meal.
144
# Fill in the blank:
The political climate became increasingly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as tensions rose between the opposing factions.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "v" and means "likely to change suddenly".*
volatile
## Footnote
*volatile (**voll**-ih-tull)*
adj. likely to change suddenly
adj. liable to lead to violence
adj. evaporating easily
145
# Name the vocab term:
n. the highest point or peak
n. the point directly above one's head
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "z"*
zenith
## Footnote
synonyms: acme, summit, pinnacle, peak, apex
Reaching the _zenith_ of her career, she was celebrated worldwide.
146
# Fill in the blank:
He chose to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ his previous beliefs in favor of a new philosophy.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "to formally renounce".*
abjure
## Footnote
*abjure (ab-**djoor**)*
v. to renounce or reject solemnly; to recant or avoid
147
# Name the vocab term:
adj. deserved, adequate
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "c"*
condign
## Footnote
synonyms: appropriate, proper, fair, deserved, fitting
The judge handed down a _condign_ sentence that matched the severity of the crime.
148
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ host made everyone feel at ease at the party.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "d" and means "confident, stylish, and charming".*
debonair
## Footnote
*debonair (deb-uh-**nair**)*
adj. suave, urbane, affable, genial, charming
149
# Name the vocab term:
v. to obtain by deception or flattery
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
inveigle
## Footnote
synonyms: manipulate, cajole, ensnare, entice, lure
He managed to _inveigle_ the secret from his friend by feigning interest.
150
# Fill in the blank:
Despite his wealth, he was considered a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for his disregard of fine art and literature.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "a person indifferent to culture".*
philistine
## Footnote
*philistine (**fil**-uh-steen)*
adj. barbaric; lacking culture
n. an individual guided by commonplace, rather than artistic or intellectual, values
151
# Name the vocab term:
v. to spread through or over something, as with liquid, color, or light
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
suffuse
## Footnote
synonyms: bathe, cover, saturate, permeate, infuse
The sunset _suffused_ the sky with brilliant shades of orange and pink.
152
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ knight charged bravely into battle.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "m" and means "spirited and courageous".*
mettlesome
## Footnote
*mettlesome (**met**-uhl-sum)*
adj. courageous, high-spirited
153
# Name the vocab term:
n. hesitation or unease at committing (or having committed) an act
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "c"*
compunction
## Footnote
synonyms: regret, sorrow, qualm, guilt, remorse
She felt a pang of _compunction_ after lying to her friend.
154
# Fill in the blank:
His actions \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the company’s code of conduct.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "c" and means "to violate or contradict".*
contravene
## Footnote
*contravene (kon-truh-**veen**)*
v. to violate, or to conflict with a rule or principle
155
# Name the vocab term:
v. to draw; to describe; to depict
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "l"*
limn
## Footnote
synonyms: characterize, chart, depict, illustrate, outline
The artist _limns_ the landscape with delicate strokes.
156
# Fill in the blank:
The politician faced \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ after the scandal was exposed.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "o" and means "strong public criticism".*
obloquy
## Footnote
*obloquy (**ob**-luh-kwee)*
n. abusive language; damage to one's reputation; disgrace
157
# Name the vocab term:
v. to decrease in intensity
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
abate
## Footnote
synonyms: lessen, moderate, diminish, decrease, reduce
The storm began to _abate_, allowing us to go outside.
158
# Fill in the blank:
The king chose to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ rather than face civil unrest.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "to give up a position of power".*
abdicate
## Footnote
*abdicate (**ab**-dih-kate)*
v. to willingly let go of; to relinquish
159
# Name the vocab term:
adj. abnormal, deviating from the norm
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
aberrant
## Footnote
synonyms: atypical, bizarre, deviant, abnormal, irregular
The _aberrant_ behavior of the dog raised concerns among its owners.
160
# Fill in the blank:
The rough surface began to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the paint on the wall.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "to wear away by scraping".*
abrade
## Footnote
*abrade (uh-**brehyd**)*
v. to erode or rub away
161
# Define:
abridge
| (uh-**bridge**)
v. to condense; to shorten
## Footnote
The author threw a fit when his editor suggested that he _abridge_ his novel in order to make it more accessible.
Prefix: *ab-* (from Latin, meaning "away")
162
# Define:
abscond
| (ab-**skond**)
v. to run away secretly and hide
## Footnote
The guilty man _absconded_ during the night and was never heard from again.
Prefix: *ab-* (from Latin, meaning "away")
163
# Define:
abstruse
| (ab-**strewss**)
adj. difficult to comprehend
## Footnote
That film has been praised as a visionary masterpiece, but I found it more _abstruse_ than enlightening.
Prefix: *ab-* (from Latin, meaning "away")
164
# Define:
accolade
| (**ack**-uh-lehyd)
n. recognition for an accomplishment
## Footnote
Cindy received _accolades_ in the media for her breathtaking performance.
Root: *col* (from Latin *collum*, meaning "neck")
165
# Define:
acerbic
| (uh-**sir-**bick)
adj. sour or bitter tasting, or of a bitter temperament
## Footnote
My friends' _acerbic_ reaction to bringing my boyfriend to the game led me to believe that they didn't care much for him.
Root: *acerb* (from Latin *acerbus*, meaning "bitter")
166
# Define:
acumen
| (**ack**-cue-men)
n. insightfulness
## Footnote
Kofi was known for his _acumen_ in literary analysis.
Root: *acu* (from Latin *acumen*, meaning "sharpness")
167
# Define:
adhesion
| (ad-**hee**-zhun)
n. the state of being physically attached
n. the state of belonging to an organization
## Footnote
_Adhesion_ to the regional economic union became a popular cause among the elites of the recession-weary nation.
Prefix: *ad-* (from Latin, meaning "to" or "toward")
168
# Define:
admonish
| (ad-**mon**-ish)
v. to warn, to gently reprimand
## Footnote
The pilot _admonished_ the passengers to remain seated during take off.
Prefix: *ad-* (from Latin, meaning "to" or "toward")
169
# Define:
adroit
| (ad-**royt**)
adj. skillful, competent
## Footnote
The boy scout was an _adroit_ survivalist and so managed to cling to life until a rescue team arrived.
Prefix: *ad-* (from Latin, meaning "to" or "toward")
170
# Define:
adulate
| (**adge**-uh-lehyt)
v. to give excessive praise
## Footnote
Rather than _adulate_ his superiors, Moncef preferred to show his regard by emulating them.
Prefix: *ad-* (from Latin, meaning "to" or "toward")
171
# Define:
affable
| (**aff**-uh-buhl)
adj. gentle, friendly, or of a kind nature
## Footnote
Stacy was an _affable_ acquaintance to many but a real friend to few.
Prefix: *af-* (variant of *ad-*, from Latin, meaning "to" or "toward")
172
# Define:
affluent
| (**aff**-loo-uhnt)
adj. wealthy
## Footnote
Membership in the private club was only open to _affluent_ members of society.
Prefix: *af-* (variant of *ad-*, from Latin, meaning "to" or "toward")
173
# Define:
aggrandize
| (uh-**gran**-dahyz)
v. to exaggerate; to increase the scope of or to make greater
## Footnote
Luke had _aggrandized_ his credentials so much that he was fired on the spot when it was discovered that he was just a novice.
Prefix: *ag-* (variant of *ad-*, from Latin, meaning "to" or "toward")
174
# Define:
affront
| (uh-**front**)
n. an offensive act or statement
v. to insult openly
## Footnote
Lucia's ingratitude was an _affront_ to all of us who had supported her.
Prefix: *af-* (variant of *ad-*, from Latin, meaning "to" or "toward")
175
# Define:
agrarian
| (uh-**grair**-ee-uhn)
adj. pertaining to farming or land matters
## Footnote
The farmer switched from his habitual _agrarian_ routine to that of a high-powered business CEO in just a few years.
Root: *agr* (from Latin *ager*, meaning "field")
176
# Define:
alacrity
| (uh-**lack**-ruh-tee)
n. enthusiasm; speed
## Footnote
Children approach their homework with more _alacrity_ if they know that a reward awaits them when they finish.
Root: *alacr* (from Latin *alacritas*, meaning "eagerness")
177
# Define:
vug
| (**vuhg**)
n. a small cavity in a rock
## Footnote
She hid her trinkets in the _vug_ for safekeeping.
Root: *vug* (from Cornish *vooga*, meaning "cave")
178
# Define:
petrous
| (**pet**-ruhss)
adj. rock-hard; stony
## Footnote
The skull of the fetus has not yet become _petrous_; in fact, it is still translucent to x-rays at this stage.
Root: *petr* (from Greek *petros*, meaning "rock")
179
# Define:
tautology
| (tawt-**aw**-luh-djee)
n. a statement that is trivially true; unnecessary repetition
## Footnote
It is no help to anybody when you spout _tautologies_ like "Whatever will be will be".
Root: *tauto* (from Greek *tautos*, meaning "the same")
180
# Define:
gambol
| (**gam**-buhl)
v. to skip playfully, to frolic
## Footnote
The youngsters went _gamboling_ through the fields.
Root: *gamb* (from Old French *gambade*, meaning "a leap")
181
# Name the vocab term:
v. to condense; to shorten
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
abridge
## Footnote
synonyms: reduce, refine, abbreviate, shorten, condense
The editor decided to _abridge_ the lengthy manuscript.
182
# Fill in the blank:
The thief managed to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ with the jewelry before anyone noticed.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "to leave secretly".*
abscond
## Footnote
*abscond (ab-**skond**)*
v. to run away secretly and hide
183
# Name the vocab term:
adj. difficult to comprehend
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
abstruse
## Footnote
synonyms: abstract, enigmatic, incomprehensible, obscure, confusing
The professor's lecture on quantum physics was incredibly _abstruse_.
184
# Fill in the blank:
She received \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for her outstanding contributions to science.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "an award or honor".*
accolade
## Footnote
*accolade (**ack**-uh-lehyd)*
n. recognition for an accomplishment
185
# Name the vocab term:
adj. sour or bitter tasting or with bitter temperament
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
acerbic
## Footnote
synonyms: acrid, caustic, sharp, biting, sarcastic
His _acerbic_ comments often left others feeling hurt.
186
# Fill in the blank:
Her business \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ helped the company thrive in a competitive market.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "keen insight".*
acumen
## Footnote
*acumen (**ack**-cue-men)*
n. insightfulness
187
# Name the vocab term:
n. the state of being physically attached
n. the state of belonging to an organization
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
adhesion
## Footnote
synonyms: adherence, membership, attachment, bonding, allegiance
The _adhesion_ of the paint to the wall was remarkable.
188
# Fill in the blank:
The teacher \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the student for being late.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "to warn or reprimand".*
admonished
## Footnote
*admonish (ad-**mon**-ish)*
v. to warn, to gently reprimand
189
# Name the vocab term:
adj. skillful, competent
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
adroit
## Footnote
synonyms: adept, apt, expert, skillful, proficient
His _adroit_ handling of the situation impressed everyone.
190
# Fill in the blank:
The critics \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the film as a masterpiece.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "to flatter excessively".*
adulated
## Footnote
*adulate (**adge**-uh-lehyt)*
v. to give excessive praise
191
# Name the vocab term:
adj. gentle, friendly, or of a kind nature
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
affable
## Footnote
synonyms: cordial, pleasant, friendly, sociable, genial
Her _affable_ personality made her popular among her peers.
192
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ family hosted a lavish charity gala.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "wealthy".*
affluent
## Footnote
*affluent (**aff**-loo-uhnt)*
adj. wealthy
193
# Name the vocab term:
v. to exaggerate; to increase the scope of
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
aggrandize
## Footnote
synonyms: enlarge, glorify, augment, amplify, elevate
She tried to _aggrandize_ her achievements during the interview."
194
# Fill in the blank:
His rude comment was seen as an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to her dignity.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "an insult or offense".*
affront
## Footnote
*affront (uh-**front**)*
n. an offensive act or statement
v. to insult openly
195
# Name the vocab term:
adj. pertaining to farming or land matters
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
agrarian
## Footnote
synonyms: agricultural, country, rural, farming, pastoral
The _agrarian_ policies aim to support local farmers.
196
# Fill in the blank:
She accepted the invitation with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "cheerful readiness".*
alacrity
## Footnote
*alacrity (uh-**lack**-ruh-tee)*
n. enthusiasm; speed
197
# Name the vocab term:
n. a small cavity in a rock
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "v"*
vug
## Footnote
synonyms: cavity, depression, hole, recess, hollow
The geologist found a _vug_ filled with sparkling crystals.
198
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ surface of the mountain made climbing challenging.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "resembling rock; hard".*
petrous
## Footnote
*petrous (**pet**-ruhss)*
adj. rock-hard; stony
199
# Name the vocab term:
n. a statement that is trivially true; unnecessary repetition
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "t"*
tautology
## Footnote
synonyms: equivalence, redundancy, repetition, circular reasoning, tautological statement
His explanation contained a _tautology_ that added no new information.
200
# Fill in the blank:
The children began to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the sunny meadow.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "g" and means "to skip or jump playfully".*
gambol
## Footnote
*gambol (**gam**-buhl)*
v. to skip playfully, to frolic
