What is a common sign of oxidation in sake?
A brownish color and a nutty aroma.
Oxidation in sake occurs when it is exposed to air for too long, leading to a change in color and flavor, similar to wine.
What aroma might indicate microbial spoilage in sake?
A vinegar-like aroma
Microbial spoilage can occur if sake is not stored properly, leading to the growth of unwanted bacteria or yeast.
Fill in the blank:
A ______ aroma in sake can suggest the presence of unwanted yeast.
Solvent-like
A solvent-like aroma can arise from volatile acidity, often due to contamination by wild yeast strains.
What visual cue might suggest a sake has been exposed to excessive heat?
A yellowish tint
Heat exposure can cause sake to develop off-flavors and a change in color, often making it taste flat.
What flavor might suggest a sake fault related to protein instability?
Astringent or metallic taste
Protein instability can cause haze and affect the taste, leading to an astringent or metallic sensation.
True or False:
Cloudiness in sake is always a sign of spoilage.
False
Cloudiness can occur in unfiltered sakes (nigori), but in clear sakes, it may indicate improper storage or bottling.
What is a common smell associated with sulfur compounds in sake?
Rotten egg smell
Sulfur compounds can develop during fermentation, often due to yeast stress or nutrient imbalance.
Fill in the blank:
A ______ taste can indicate excessive acidity in sake.
Sharp or harsh
Excessive acidity can result from fermentation issues or post-bottling microbial activity.
What might a rubbery aroma in sake suggest?
Presence of spoilage organisms.
A rubbery aroma may indicate spoilage due to bacterial contamination, affecting the aroma and taste.
What characteristic might indicate that a sake has been light-struck?
Skunky aroma
Light exposure can cause chemical reactions in sake, leading to unpleasant aromas similar to those found in light-struck beer.
What is a common fault associated with improper storage temperature for sake?
Loss of freshness
Sake should be stored cool to preserve its delicate flavors and aromas, avoiding temperature fluctuations.
Fill in the blank:
A ______ taste in sake can indicate oxidation.
Flat or dull
Oxidation can cause sake to lose its freshness and vibrancy, resulting in a flat or dull taste.
What fault can result in a sake having a ‘cooked’ aroma?
Heat damage
Exposure to high temperatures can lead to a ‘cooked’ aroma, indicating the sake has been damaged.
What are the 3 most common faults found in sake?
Nama-hine-ka, literally ‘raw old stink’, is an unpleasant aroma in unpasteurized sake, produced by the enzymatic oxidization of isoamyl alcohol.