Define:
Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthesis involves chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.
What is homeostasis?
The ability of an organism to maintain internal stability.
Homeostasis is crucial for the survival of organisms, allowing them to adapt to environmental changes.
Fill in the blank:
The basic unit of life is the ______.
cell
Cells are the smallest structural and functional units of an organism, typically microscopic.
Define:
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Osmosis is essential for maintaining cell turgor and nutrient absorption in plants.
What does ‘ecosystem’ mean?
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Ecosystems can vary in size and include both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components.
Fill in the blank:
The genetic material in most organisms is ______.
DNA
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms.
Define:
Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence of a gene.
Mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful and are a source of genetic diversity.
What is ‘biodiversity’?
The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Biodiversity is important for ecosystem resilience and provides resources for food, medicine, and other human needs.
Define:
Enzyme
A protein that accelerates chemical reactions in the body.
Enzymes are specific to substrates and play a critical role in metabolism and digestion.
Fill in the blank:
The process by which organisms break down glucose for energy in the absence of oxygen is called ______.
anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration produces less energy than aerobic respiration and results in byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol.
What is the purpose of pre-reading strategies?
To activate prior knowledge and set a purpose for reading.
Pre-reading strategies help students connect new information to what they already know, enhancing comprehension and retention.
List three common pre-reading strategies.
- Previewing the text
- Predicting content
- Setting a purpose
These strategies prepare students to engage with the text by generating interest and curiosity about the subject matter.
Fill in the blank:
______ is a during-reading strategy that involves stopping to check for understanding.
Monitoring comprehension
Monitoring comprehension allows readers to identify when they do not understand a passage and use strategies to improve understanding.
What is the role of questioning in during-reading strategies?
To engage the reader and encourage active thinking.
Asking questions helps readers focus on key ideas and clarify complex concepts as they read.
Fill in the blank:
A ______ is a post-reading strategy where students summarize the main ideas of a text.
summary
Summarizing helps consolidate understanding by distilling essential information and discarding less important details.
List two benefits of using graphic organizers during reading.
- Visualizing relationships
- Organizing information
Graphic organizers like concept maps and Venn diagrams help students structure information logically and see connections between ideas.
What is the purpose of post-reading strategies?
To reinforce understanding and evaluate comprehension.
Post-reading strategies often involve reflection, discussion, and application of the text’s content to ensure deep understanding.
Fill in the blank:
Making ______ involves connecting new information to personal experiences or other knowledge.
connections
Making connections helps students relate to the material on a personal level, increasing engagement and comprehension.
Why is predicting an effective pre-reading strategy?
It sets expectations and engages curiosity.
Predicting encourages readers to think about what they might learn and prepares them to adjust their understanding as they read.
Fill in the blank:
______ is a strategy where students adjust their reading speed based on the difficulty of the text.
Pacing
Pacing allows students to slow down for complex sections and speed up for familiar or easier parts, optimizing comprehension.
What are the key factors to consider when assessing the credibility of a scientific source?
- Author’s qualifications
- Publication venue
- Peer review status
- Date of publication
Evaluating the credibility of a source involves checking the author’s credentials, the reputation of the journal or publisher, whether the work has been peer-reviewed, and if the information is up-to-date.
Fill in the blank:
A _____\__ source is a direct account or original research in a scientific study.
primary
Primary sources include original research articles, theses, or direct reports of experiments and observations.
How can bias be identified in scientific sources?
- Examine funding sources
- Look for language that lacks neutrality
- Analyze the author’s affiliations
Bias can also be detected by checking if the study selectively presents data or if there’s a conflict of interest.
What is the significance of peer review in scientific publishing?
Ensures quality and validity of research
Peer review involves evaluation by experts in the field to verify the research’s credibility, methodology, and conclusions.
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Nature of Scientific Knowledge30
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Experiments and the Scientific Method98
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Scientific Argumentation & Use of Evidence17
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Crosscutting Concepts in Science & Engineering24
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Scientific Literacy & Reading in Science28
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Biochemistry & Macromolecules101
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Metabolism & Biochemical Reactions39
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Enzyme Structure & Function68
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Photosynthesis, Respiration & Energy Flow100
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Cell Structure & Function160
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Cellular Transport and Internal Balance102
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Cell Division & Differentiation52
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Growth and Development of Organisms97
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Molecular Biology – DNA & Protein Synthesis97
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Molecular Biology – Tools and Techniques in Biotechnology104
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Inheritance of Traits135
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Genetic Mutations and Their Effects75
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Common Ancestry & Diversity85
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Natural Selection & Adaptation72
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Genetic Variation Sources36
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Ecosystem Interdependence173
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Matter and Energy Cycles in Ecosystems125
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Ecosystem Dynamics & Resilience124
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Biotechnology: Impacts & Ethics68
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Hierarchy of Life and Kingdoms83
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Animal Structure and Adaptations50
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Human Physiology186
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Regulation and Homeostasis60
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Plant Growth and Transport Systems122
