Human Health & Immunology Flashcards

Type 2 Diabetes often occurs due to the body’s ineffective use of insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.

Influenza is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system, and symptoms can rapidly develop into severe illness.

Rhinoviruses are a group of viruses that thrive in the nasal passages and are the most frequent cause of the common cold.

Vaccines stimulate the immune system to protect against specific pathogens, significantly reducing the spread and impact of infectious diseases.

A chest X-ray can reveal lesions in the lungs, which are indicative of tuberculosis infection.

Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, and outbreaks are often linked to inadequate sanitation.

Lifestyle changes such as diet modification, regular physical activity, and weight management can effectively lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.

Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, a progressive disease that causes breathing difficulties due to lung damage.

Handwashing is a simple yet effective measure to prevent infection, while quarantine helps isolate infected individuals to stop the spread of disease.

The fasting glucose test is a critical diagnostic tool for assessing the presence of diabetes and monitoring blood sugar control.

Innate immunity is the first line of defense and includes physical barriers and immune cells, while adaptive immunity involves the production of specific antibodies and memory cells.

Innate immunity includes barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils.

Adaptive immunity is characterized by its ability to recognize specific antigens and remember them for faster responses upon re-exposure.

Phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and destroy pathogens as part of the innate immune response.

B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies specific to antigens encountered by the immune system.