Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) > Men’s Health > Flashcards

Men’s Health Flashcards

Provide comprehensive assessment and management of men’s health conditions across the lifespan. (42 cards)

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1
Q

What is the presentation of testicular torsion?

A
  • Acute scrotal pain (<12 hours)
  • Affected testicle is higher than the unaffected testicle
  • ABSENT cremasteric reflex
  • Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

Testicular torsion most often occurs in males 25 years and younger.

Checking for a cremasteric reflex is a useful tool to support a diagnosis of torsion, however is not always an accrate indicator, especially in older males, where a loss of the cremasteric reflex sometimes occurs.

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2
Q

What is the diagnostic test for testicular torsion?

A

Testicular ultrasound

(preferably within 1 hour of presentation)

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3
Q

What is the treatment for testicular torsion?

A
  • Emergent referral to ER
  • Emergent surgical and urologic consult
  • Repair should occur within 8 hours of pain onset
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4
Q

Fill in the blank:

The most common cause of scrotal pain in adults is ______.

A

Epididymitis

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5
Q

What are the diagnostic options for epididymitis?

A
  • Positive nucleic acid amplification test for gonorrhoeae or chlamydia
  • Positive urine culture for a UTI
  • Improvement of symptoms after empiric antibiotics
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6
Q

How should epididymitis be treated in sexually active patients who do not practice anal intercourse?

A

Treat for chlamydia and gonorrhea

First line treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhea is rocephin and doxycycline.

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7
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

Collection of peritoneal fluid in the scrotum

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8
Q

What is the presentation of a hydrocele?

A
  • Asymmetrical testicles
  • Mild tenderness described as “pressure-like”
  • Transillumination: brighter light on the affected side

A light shines brighter on the affected side due to the accumulation of fluid.

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9
Q

What is the treatment for a communicating hydrocele that persists beyond 1 to 2 years?

A

Surgical repair

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10
Q

What is a varicocele and where do most occur?

A

Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum; 85% to 95% occur on the left side

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11
Q

What is the presentation of a varicocele?

A
  • May be asymptomatic
  • Dull/aching pain and atrophy of affected testicle
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12
Q

What is the proper positioning to examine for a varicocele?

A

Scrotum should be palpated while the patient is standing

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13
Q

What is the treatment for painful varicoceles?

A

Surgical ligation

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14
Q

What is the presentation of an inguinal hernia?

A
  • Heaviness
  • Discomfort with lifting or straining
  • If incarcerated or strangulated: abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting, skin changes, peritonitis
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15
Q

What is the treatment for incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernias?

A

Surgical repair

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16
Q

What is the most common solid tumor in males between the ages of 18 and 40 years old?

A

Testicular cancer

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17
Q

What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Cryptorchidism
  • Family history of testicular cancer
  • Cancer of the other testicle
  • HIV
18
Q

What is the diagnostic test for testicular cancer?

Study These Flashcards
A

Scrotal ultrasound

19
Q

What is the treatment for testicular cancer?

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A

Orchiectomy to establish the histologic diagnosis and for definitive treatment of the tumor

20
Q

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

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A

Enlarged prostate gland, that occurs in all men, starting as early as 40 years old

21
Q

What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

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A

Monotherapy with alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists

22
Q

What are the indications for urology referral in benign prostatic hyperplasia?

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A
  • Severe symptoms or pain
  • Men <45 years old
  • Abnormality on DRE
  • Hematuria
  • Elevated PSA
  • Dysuria
  • Incontinence
  • Urinary retention (PVR urine volume >250 mL, or a palpable bladder)
  • Suspicion of another urologic disease
23
Q

What is acute bacterial prostatitis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Acute infection of the prostate that typically occurs in young and middle-aged men

24
Q

What are the common laboratory findings in acute bacterial prostatitis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Peripheral leukocytosis
  • Pyuria
  • Bacteriuria
25
What is the **empiric treatment** for acute bacterial prostatitis?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or a fluoroquinolone
26
What are the **risk factors** for prostate cancer?
* BRCA carriers * Lynch syndrome * Black males * Males with a family history of prostate cancer (specifically 1st degree relatives who were diagnosed before 65 years)
27
What is the **PSA value threshold** for suspecting prostate cancer?
PSA value of ≥4.0 ng/mL
28
What is required for the **definitive diagnosis** of prostate cancer?
Biopsy
29
What is another name for **perineal necrotizing fasciitis**?
Fournier’s gangrene
30
What are the **risk factors** for perineal necrotizing fasciitis?
* Diabetes * Urethral trauma * Indwelling catheter * Immunocompromised
31
What is the **treatment** for perineal necrotizing fasciitis?
Urgent surgical or urologic evaluation.
32
What is the **typical presentation** of epididymitis?
Gradual onset of unilateral testicle pain, swelling, and tenderness (posterior aspect).
33
What is the **treatment** for epididymitis in patients who practice anal sex?
Ceftriaxone plus levofloxacin
34
What is **hypospadias**?
Congenital anomaly of the male urethra, foreskin, and penis resulting in abnormal ventral placement of the urethral opening.
35
What are the **indications** for urologic referral and surgical correction in hypospadias?
* Difficulty urinating * Inability to urinate while standing * Erectile dysfunction due to curvature * Fertility concerns/issues * Concern for developmental difficulties based on appearance
36
What is the **treatment** for hydroceles that persist beyond 1 to 2 years?
Surgical repair
37
What is the **recommended diagnostic step** if a varicocele persists in the supine position?
Doppler ultrasonography
38
What is the **typical presentation** of testicular cancer?
Typically firm, non-tender mass that does not transilluminate.
39
What is the **recommended treatment** for asymptomatic inguinal hernias in males?
Watch and wait
40
What are the **first-line pharmacotherapy options** for benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists such as tamsulosin, alfuzosin, silodosin, doxazosin, terazosin.
41
What are the **typical symptoms** of acute bacterial prostatitis?
* Fevers * Chills * Dysuria * Pelvic or perineal pain * Cloudy urine ## Footnote Prostate is often firm, edematous and significantly tender.
42
What is the **purpose** of the Prehn test?
To determine if pain relief occurs upon lifting the testicle, which may indicate epididymitis.
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