Criticism
Statement that implies something is globally wrong with one’s partner.
Defensiveness
Used to ward off attack; defensiveness claims innocence.
Contempt
Seeing oneself as superior to partner; single best predictor of divorce.
Stonewalling
When the listener withdraws from interaction, physically or mentally.
Repair Attempts
Failed repair attempts combined with Four Horsemen predict divorce with 97.5% accuracy.
20:1 Ratio
Non-distressed relationships are characterized by a ratio of 20 positive interactions to one negative one.
Negative Affect Reciprocity
Most consistent correlate of marital satisfaction across cultures.
Male Accepting Influence
Men unwilling to accept influence from their wives create 80% more likelihood of divorce.
Harsh Startup
When a woman uses harsh startup, more likely to end in divorce.
Distance and Isolation Cascade
Pattern of little conflict with unacknowledged tension.
Elements of Working Marriage
Overall sense of positive affect and ability to reduce negative affect during conflict.
Love Maps
Cognitive map of partner’s inner psychological world; foundation of Sound Relationship House.
Fondness and Admiration System
Maintaining positive feelings and respect for partner.
Turning Toward vs. Turning Away
Pattern of responding to partner’s bids for connection; the Emotional Bank Account.
Positive Sentiment Override
When positive feelings about partner override negative interactions.
Solving the Solvable
Addressing problems that can be resolved through compromise.
Dialogue with Perpetual Problems
Managing ongoing issues (69% of problems) that cannot be solved.
Physiological Soothing
Managing emotional flooding and self-soothing during conflict.
Making Dreams Come True
Supporting each partner’s life dreams and aspirations.
Creating Shared Meaning
Building shared rituals, goals, roles, and symbols as a couple.
Contraindications for Couple/Family Therapy