Feminist Counseling Theories
Focus on how the effects of gender, cultural, heterosexual, and other stereotypes affect an individual’s identity and relationships.
Growth-Fostering Relationships
Relationships that enhance both parties’ sense of well-being.
Disconnection
The root cause of most forms of emotional distress in feminist theory; this becomes the focus of treatment.
Five Good Things
Mutual Exploration
Both client and counselor discover how best to resolve clients’ issues in which counselors recognize the clients’ expertise in their own lives.
Mutual Empathy
Refers to two-way empathy in which each person–counselor and client–is able to see, know, and feel the inner experience of the other as well as experience responsiveness from the other.
“Good Conflict”
Each person’s unique experiences, beliefs, and feelings are heard and responded to, allowing for each member to learn and grow.
Corrective Relational Experience
Old relational images are reworked in counseling process.
Authenticity
Implies a genuine responsiveness that keeps the well-being and needs of the client in mind.
Feminist Code Of Ethics
Describes a commitment to:
Personal Is Political
Meaning that a person’s internal reality, and therefore pathology, is inherently interconnected with political issues from the broader social context.
Gender Role Expectations
Counselors explore how the client has internalized social messages about gender and how an individual’s social class, cultural background, profession, and sexual orientation shape the clients’ understanding of gender roles.
Self-In-Relation Theory
Refers to an alternative model for conceptualizing women’s development through relationships.
Relational Images
Internal constructs and expectations of relationship based on early life experience, and how these affect present-day relationships.
Relational Resilience
Refers to the ability to move back into relationship following disconnection and empathetic failures as well as the ability to ask for help when needed.
Relational Courage
It requires vulnerability and the willingness to open up to another.
“Mattering”
Feeling valued and cherished by another.
Central Relational Paradox
Alteration of the self to fit the wishes of others at the expense of personal authenticity.
Sociopolitical Awareness
Individual’s identity is understood as interconnectedness with one’s broader place in society and empower clients to define themselves by alternative standards.
Gender Role Analysis
Involves encouraging clients to examine how cultural rules about male and female behavior affect the client’s current distress, including multiple cultural rules from the different contexts of a client’s life such as religious, work, family, and ethnic traditions.
Assertiveness Training
Helping empower clients, most notably women, who have been socialized to put the needs of others before their own.
Self-Esteem Training
Emphasizes increasing a client’s self-awareness and confidence, which ultimately enables her to assert her needs in interpersonal relationships.