Which clinical sign of Horner syndrome is different in horses than cattle?
Horses sweat; cattle do not
(ipsilateral to the affected side)
Which statement is false regarding Brucella abortus infection?
- A. Infected horses can develop fistulous withers
- B. Uterine infection occurs during the second trimester
- C. Bison and elk are considered a reservoir
- D. It is highly prevalent in North American cattle
D. It is highly prevalent in North American cattle
Bovine brucellosis has been nearly eradicated in North America.
Which will produce fewer false-negative results: a test with high specificity, or a test with high sensitivity?
High sensitivity
100% sensitivity means all the truly positive cases have been detected, usually with some false positives captured too.
100% specificity means that all of the identified cases are positive, usually at the expense of having missed some positives too (false negatives).
Therefore, a high sensitivity test is ideal for screening, and a high specificity test is ideal for confirmation.
Which vesicular disease causes oral mucosal lesions in pigs, ruminants, and horses?
Vesicular stomatitis
Foot and mouth disease is not infectious to horses.
Which additive in a cow’s diet alters rumen metabolism and improves feed efficiency, but can cause cardiotoxicosis in horses?
Ionophores
(e.g., monensin, lasalocid)
This viral cause of fever and upper respiratory disease can be transmitted from human to ferret and ferret to human.
Influenza virus
Aside: animal-to-human transmission = “zoonosis”; human-to-animal transmission = “anthroponosis.”
Epithelial hyperplasia is a common cutaneous response to infectious and noninfectious agents. Why may this occur more readily in fish compared to mammals?
Fish skin lacks a protective keratin layer on the outside of the epidermis
Bacteria of which genus are most commonly implicated in reptile-to-human zoonoses?
Salmonella spp.
Besides mosquito bites, name two other routes of transmission of West Nile virus in birds.
- Consumption of infected animals
- Ingestion of infected mosquitoes
- Close contact between birds (shed orally and cloacally)
Despite showing no clinical signs, rabbits or dogs who harbor this bacterium may transmit it to guinea pigs, causing them to develop pneumonia.
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Relapsing fever, chills, vomiting, myalgia, and lymphadenopathy in a human are the hallmark signs of rat bite fever. Which infectious organisms are the cause?
- Streptobacillus moniliformis
- Spirillum minus
During necropsy, you identify pinworms (Passalurus ambiguus) incidentally in a rabbit. What do you tell the owner regarding zoonotic potential?
No concern
These oxyurids are host-specific to the rabbit.
The cow and ewe have which type of placentation?
Cotyledonary
Which domestic (pet) animal species has the highest prevalence of rabies in North America?
The cat
(by far more than dogs and cattle combined)
This zoonotic disease results in slow growing cysts in the liver, lungs, and other organs of affected people.
Echinococcosis
(hydatid cyst disease)
Name three protozoal causes of splenomegaly in the dog and/or cat.
- Babesiosis
- Cytauxzoonosis
- Hepatozoonosis
- Leishmaniasis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Trypanosomiasis
A few days after assisting a lambing you begin to develop a severe headache, fever, malaise and other flulike symptoms. Name one of at least three zoonoses you might have acquired.
- Q fever
- Brucellosis
- Listeriosis
(wear those gloves!)
What is the reservoir species for Francisella tularensis sbsp. tularensis?
Lagomorphs
(rabbits and hares)
Which domestic ungulate species does not develop clinical disease due to foot and mouth disease virus?
The horse
What is the major route of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to both the definitive host and humans?
Ingestion of tissue cysts
(containing bradyzoites)
What is the major source of exposure to Brucella abortus in cattle and B. melitensis in sheep and goats?
- Aborted fetuses
- The placenta
- Post-abortion uterine fluids
Are mammary tumors more likely to be malignant in a dog or in a cat?
Cat
~80% of feline mammary tumors are malignant, compared with less than half of canine mammary tumors.
