What is the most common type of primary bone tumor in dogs? Is this also true for cats?
Osteosarcoma is the most commonly encountered primary bone tumor in both dogs and cats
Overall, it is less prevalent in cats than in dogs.
What are the primary chronic, cumulative side effects of doxorubicin therapy in dogs and cats?
- Dogs: Cardiomyopathy
- Cats: nephrotoxicity
What is the most common brain tumor in cats and dogs?
Meningioma
Name the organ susceptible to injury from the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, but that vincristine, L-asparaginase, corticosteroids, and most other antineoplastic drugs do not affect adversely.
The heart
Cardiotoxicity manifests as irreversible dilated cardiomyopathy, typically if a threshold (cumulative lifetime dose of 240 mg/m^2) is exceeded.
Name a disease characterized by proliferation of immature lymphoblasts in the bone marrow.
- Lymphoblastic leukemia
- Stage V lymphoma
What are the three common types of testicular tumors in small animals?
- Interstitial cell tumor
- Sertoli cell tumor
- Seminoma
What is a leiomyosarcoma, and what is its best recognized paraneoplastic syndrome?
- Definition: Malignant tumor of smooth muscle origin
- Paraneoplastic syndrome: Hypoglycemia is the best-described
(whereas a leiomyoma is a benign tumor of smooth muscle origin)
What is contained within the cytoplasmic granules of mast cell tumors that increases the likelihood of bleeding?
Heparin
Name the four primary bone tumors.
- Osteosarcoma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Fibrosarcoma
- Hemangiosarcoma
Name five round cell tumors.
- Lymphoma
- Mast cell tumor
- Plasmacytoma
- Histiocytoma
- Transmissible venereal tumor
Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of which cells in which organ?
Adrenal medullary cells
Anal sac adenocarcinoma is commonly associated with which serum biochemical abnormality?
Hypercalcemia
This is a paraneoplastic syndrome: the tumor produces parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)
Gastrointestinal ulceration is common with severe mast cell neoplasia. Which substance do mast cells secrete that binds to parietal cells, and which substance do the parietal cells then produce?
Histamine binds to H2 receptors on parietal cells, stimulating hydrochloric acid secretion
Name two of the clinical types of sarcoids seen in horses.
- Occult
- Verrucous
- Nodular
- Fibroblastic
- Mixed
- Malevolent
Sarcoids are the most common equine tumor (36% of skin tumors and 20% of all tumors) and appear in multiple distinct morphological forms.
In horses, which of the following is a common site for squamous cell carcinoma and which type of horse is most at risk?
- A. Thoracic flank of dark‑bay mares
- B. Under the tail/lips/parotid region of greys over five years of age
- C. Lower limbs of young draft horses
- D. External genitalia/eyelids of adult horses with white coats
D. External genitalia or eyelids of adult horses with white or part‑white coats
Poorly pigmented, poorly haired skin near mucocutaneous junctions in older white‑coated horses predisposes to UV‑induced SCC.
What is the most common ocular tumor in cattle?
Ocular squamous cell carcinoma (often called “cancer eye”) predominantly affects non‑pigmented eyelids, limbus, and conjunctiva in cattle
(associated with UV light and/or high altitude)
What is the typical behavior of melanomas in gray horses?
- A. Always malignant and rapidly metastatic
- B. Usually benign, often multiple, may occasionally be invasive or metastatic
- C. Solitary, rapidly regressing without treatment
- D. Only occur in young horses and are always aggressive
B. Usually benign, often multiple, may occasionally be invasive or metastatic
Benign melanomas are common in aging gray horses and usually grow slowly and remain nonaggressive, but a subset can become locally invasive or, rarely, metastasize.
What percentage of cattle infected with bovine leukosis virus (BLV) develop lymphosarcoma?
- A. 10–15%
- B. 5–10%
- C. < 5%
- D. 25–30%
C. < 5%
< 5% of BLV-infected cattle develop malignant lymphosarcoma; about 29% develop persistent lymphocytosis.
The virus is endemic in the U.S. with ~40% of dairy cows being BLV-seropositive, vs. <10% of beef cattle.
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