Irregular verbs: Past participles for TOEFL

What’s the past participle?

be | was/were | __________

e.g. I’ve _____ sick all week.

been

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What’s the past participle?

beat | beat | __________

e.g. He’s _____ all of his recent competitors.

beaten

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What’s the past participle?

become | became | __________

e.g. The job has _____ much easier since last year.

become

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What’s the past participle?

begin | began | __________

e.g. They’ve just _____ the new project.

begun

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What’s the past participle?

bend | bent | __________

e.g. I’ve ____ the handlebars on my new bike.

bent

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What’s the past participle?

bid | bid | __________

e.g. We’ve _____ on that item many times.

bid

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What’s the past participle?

bite | bit | __________

e.g. Have the mosquitos bitten you much today?

bitten

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What’s the past participle?

blow | blew | __________

e.g. The storm has _____ down lots of trees.

blown

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What’s the past participle?

break | broke | __________

e.g. I’ve _____ my phone twice this year.

broken

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What’s the past participle?

bring | brought | __________

e.g. She’s _____ lunch for everyone today.

brought

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What’s the past participle?

build | built | __________

e.g. We’ve _____ three different prototypes so far.

built

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What’s the past participle?

buy | bought | __________

e.g. He’s just _____ a new bike.

bought

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What’s the past participle?

catch | caught | __________

e.g. We’ve _____ three fish so far!

caught

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What’s the past participle?

choose | chose | __________

e.g. She’s _____ the best option.

chosen

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What’s the past participle?

come | came | __________

e.g. They’ve _____ home early from the trip.

come

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What’s the past participle?

cost | cost | __________

e.g. Starting this business has _____ more than expected.

cost

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What’s the past participle?

cut | cut | __________

e.g. Have you ever _____ your finger?

cut

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What’s the past participle?

dig | dug | __________

e.g. The dog has _____ a big hole for his stick.

dug

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What’s the past participle?

do | did | __________

e.g. I can see you’ve _____ your best.

done

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What’s the past participle?

draw | drew | __________

e.g. I’ve _____ some pictures of the house.

drawn

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What’s the past participle?

drink | drank | __________

e.g. The kids have _____ all the juice.

drunk

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What’s the past participle?

drive | drove | __________

e.g. He’s _____ to work every day this week.

driven

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What’s the past participle?

eat | ate | __________

e.g. Have you ever _____ sushi?

eaten

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What’s the past participle?

fall | fell | __________

e.g. The price of gold has _____ a bit this month.

fallen

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# What's the past participle? feed | fed | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Have you _____ the cat yet?

fed

# What's the past participle? feel | felt | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ a bit sick all week.

felt

# What's the past participle? fight | fought | __________ ## Footnote e.g. They've _____ in that war for years.

fought

# What's the past participle? find | found | __________ ## Footnote e.g. He's _____ his keys, so we can go now.

found

# What's the past participle? fly | flew | __________ ## Footnote e.g. That helicopter has ____ over us twice today.

flown

# What's the past participle? forget | forgot | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ your name already.

forgotten

# What's the past participle? forgive | forgave | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Have you _____ me yet?

forgiven

# What's the past participle? freeze | froze | __________ ## Footnote e.g. The lake's finally _____ , so we can go ice skating.

frozen

# What's the past participle? get | got | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ much better at staying calm.

gotten

# What's the past participle? give | gave | __________ ## Footnote e.g. She's _____ me lots of great advice.

given

# What's the past participle? go | went | __________ ## Footnote e.g. He's _____ to the store.

gone

# What's the past participle? grind | ground | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ the beans for coffee.

ground

# What's the past participle? grow | grew | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Wow! You've _____ a lot taller since last year.

grown

# What's the past participle? hang | hung | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Have you ____ up the decorations yet?

hung

# What's the past participle? hear | heard | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ this song many times before.

heard

# What's the past participle? have | had | __________ ## Footnote e.g. We've _____ a lot of fun in the course so far.

had

# What's the past participle? hide | hid | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ the treats from the kids.

hidden

# What's the past participle? hit | hit | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've never _____ the dog.

hit

# What's the past participle? hold | held | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ the new baby several times.

held

# What's the past participle? hurt | hurt | __________ ## Footnote e.g. This bad economy has _____ our business a lot.

hurt

# What's the past participle? keep | kept | __________ ## Footnote e.g. She's _____ all her children's art work.

kept

# What's the past participle? know | knew | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ her since we were kids.

known

# What's the past participle? lay | laid | __________ ## Footnote e.g. He's just ____ the baby down for her nap.

laid

# What's the past participle? lead | led | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Have you ever _____ one of the meetings?

led

# What's the past participle? leave | left | __________ ## Footnote e.g. She's just _____ to go shopping.

left

# What's the past participle? lend | lent | __________ ## Footnote e.g. We've _____ books to friends many times.

lent

# What's the past participle? let | let | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Has your boss ever _____ you work from home?

let

# What's the past participle? lie | lay | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ on this yoga mat many times to meditate.

lain

# What's the past participle? light | lit | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've just _____ the fire so we can warm up a bit.

lit

# What's the past participle? lose | lost | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Have you ever _____ your wallet?

lost

# What's the past participle? make | made | __________ ## Footnote e.g. She's _____ dinner many times.

made

# What's the past participle? mean | meant | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Your kindness has _____ a lot to my family.

meant

# What's the past participle? meet | met | __________ ## Footnote e.g. We've _____ some of our new neighbours.

met

# What's the past participle? pay | paid | __________ ## Footnote e.g. He's _____ the bill already.

paid

# What's the past participle? put | put | __________ ## Footnote e.g. They've _____ away all the clean laundry.

put

# What's the past participle? read | read | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ that book twice so far.

read

# What's the past participle? ride | rode | __________ ## Footnote e.g. This is the first time I've _____ a horse.

ridden

# What's the past participle? ring | rang | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Your phone has _____ almost ten times this morning.

rung

# What's the past participle? rise | rose | __________ ## Footnote e.g. The temperature has _____ a lot since last month.

risen

# What's the past participle? run | ran | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Has he ever _____ a marathon?

run

# What's the past participle? say | said | __________ ## Footnote e.g. They've _____ hello to us many times.

said

# What's the past participle? see | saw | __________ ## Footnote e.g. We've just _____ my parents' new house.

seen

# What's the past participle? sell | sold | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've finally _____ my car.

sold

# What's the past participle? send | sent | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Have you _____ that email yet?

sent

# What's the past participle? set | set | __________ ## Footnote e.g. We've _____ the table for dinner already.

set

# What's the past participle? sew | sewed | __________ ## Footnote e.g. She's _____ her own wedding dress!

sewn/sewed

# What's the past participle? shake | shook | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've never _____ hands with someone famous.

shaken

# What's the past participle? shoot | shot | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I think he's _____ lots of birds on his hunting trips.

shot

# What's the past participle? show | showed | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Have you _____ the video to your parents?

shown/showed

# What's the past participle? shut | shut | __________ ## Footnote e.g. My roommate has _____ all the windows again.

shut

# What's the past participle? sing | sang | __________ ## Footnote e.g. We've _____ this song many times.

sung

# What's the past participle? sink | sank | __________ ## Footnote e.g. This ship has _____ twice in simulations.

sunk

# What's the past participle? sit | sat | __________ ## Footnote e.g. We've _____ on that bench together many times.

sat

# What's the past participle? sleep | slept | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ a lot since I got this cold.

slept

# What's the past participle? slide | slid | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've just _____ the key under your door.

slid

# What's the past participle? speak | spoke | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Has she ever _____ at corporate events?

spoken

# What's the past participle? spend | spent | __________ ## Footnote e.g. We've _____ a lot of time together this week.

spent

# What's the past participle? stand | stood | __________ ## Footnote e.g. He's always _____ next to his wife at the public events.

stood

# What's the past participle? steal | stole | __________ ## Footnote e.g. They've _____ the car from the garage.

stolen

# What's the past participle? sting | stung | __________ ## Footnote e.g. This is the first time a bee has _____ me.

stung

# What's the past participle? strike | struck | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Can you believe this tree has been _____ twice by lightning?

struck

# What's the past participle? swear | swore | __________ ## Footnote e.g. He's _____ to tell the truth.

sworn

# What's the past participle? sweep | swept | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ the floor twice already today.

swept

# What's the past participle? swim | swam | __________ ## Footnote e.g. We've only _____ in the lake once this summer.

swum

# What's the past participle? swing | swung | __________ ## Footnote e.g. The gate has _____ open twice in the wind this morning.

swung

# What's the past participle? take | took | __________ ## Footnote e.g. They've never _____ the same test twice.

taken

# What's the past participle? teach | taught | __________ ## Footnote e.g. How long has he _____ classes at that college?

taught

# What's the past participle? tear | tore | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Oops, I think I've just _____ my new shirt.

torn

# What's the past participle? tell | told | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Has she _____ you the big news yet?

told

# What's the past participle? think | thought | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ about you a lot since our last conversation.

thought

# What's the past participle? throw | threw | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ this ball for my dog so many times.

thrown

# What's the past participle? understand | understood | __________ ## Footnote e.g. To be honest, I've never _____ that policy.

understood

# What's the past participle? wake | woke | __________ ## Footnote e.g. This is the first time I've _____ up late on a Saturday.

woken

# What's the past participle? wear | wore | __________ ## Footnote e.g. I've _____ the same shirt every day this week.

worn

# What's the past participle? win | won | __________ ## Footnote e.g. We've _____ every game in the tournament so far.

won

# What's the past participle? write | wrote | __________ ## Footnote e.g. Have you _____ the report yet?

written

Irregular verbs: Past participles Flashcards

Memorize and apply the past participle forms of common irregular verbs to improve accuracy in perfect tenses and passive voice. (100 cards)