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Health Care Systems Flashcards

Describe the different kinds of health care systems and how they function (41 cards)

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1
Q

What is a healthcare system?

A

A network of facilities, providers, and organizations that deliver medical care.

Healthcare systems include hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, and home health services.

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2
Q

Which healthcare setting provides short-term treatment for severe injuries or illnesses?

A

Acute care settings

Acute care is provided in hospitals, emergency rooms, and surgical centers.

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3
Q

How does a sub-acute care setting differ from an acute one?

A

Sub-acute care provides ongoing treatment after an acute illness or injury but is less intensive than hospital care.

Patients tend to stay in a sub-acute care setting for 30 days.

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4
Q

Define:

Long-term Care Setting

A

Care given to patients who require treatment or assistance for an extended period of time.

Patients tend to need support in basic care due to physical or cognitive limitations. This is where many CNAs work. The focus is on quality of life and maintaining the resident’s highest level of function.

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5
Q

List TWO examples of sub-acute care settings.

A
  1. Rehabilitation centers
  2. Skilled nursing facilities

Sub-acute care settings are meant for patients recovering from major illnesses, or those that require specialized medical treatment. These facilities focus on helping the resident regain strength and function so they can go home.

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6
Q

What is a skilled nursing facility?

(SNF)

A

A healthcare setting that provides 24-hour medical care and rehabilitation.

SNFs serve patients recovering from surgery or serious illness. This is often where residents go after a hospital stay due to a debilitating medical condition.

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7
Q

List FOUR types of long-term care facilities.

A
  1. Nursing homes
  2. Assisted living facilities
  3. Memory care units
  4. In-home care

These facilities provide extended medical and personal care.

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8
Q

Define:

A Nursing Home

A

A long-term facility that provides 24/7 support for patients who require a higher level of care.

Patients in a nursing home have generally lost the ability to complete at least one or more activities of daily living independently. These residents often need help with their ADLs and have complex medical needs.

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9
Q

Define:

An Assisted-living Facility

A

A long-term care facility that offers patients their own living spaces, while offering shared services.

Patients at assisted-living facilities tend to be more independent and are generally able to complete activities of daily living on their own. These residents are more independent but may need help with things like medication reminders or bathing.

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10
Q

What is the difference between a nursing home and an assisted-living facility?

A
  • Assisted-living facilities: They are generally for more independent patients
  • Nursing homes: They are generally for patients who require more intensive care

Assisted-living facilities are generally for more independent patients, while nursing homes are generally for patients who require more intensive care.

CNA Insight: The level of care is the main difference. You will do more hands-on care in a nursing home.

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11
Q

True or False:

A long-term acute care hospital (LTACH) provides extended hospital-level care.

A

True

LTACHs serve patients needing prolonged medical treatment. These hospitals are for residents who are too sick for a regular nursing home but do not need the emergency services of a regular hospital.

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12
Q

Define:

A Resident

A

A patient who is receiving assistance in a long-term care setting.

These patients are considered short-term if they require care for less than 6 months, or long-term if they require care for more than 6 months.

Some residents may stay permanently due to chronic conditions.

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13
Q

Define:

Inpatient Care

A

Care given to patients who stay at least one night in the hospital.

This kind of care can be unplanned or planned.

Examples include childbirth, heart attack, breaking a bone, or surgery.

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14
Q

Define:

Outpatient Care

A

Care given to patients who receive services and go home the same day.

This kind of care includes testing, screenings, same-day surgeries, or minor treatments.

Examples include mammograms, lasik eye surgery, or chemotherapy.

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15
Q

What is hospice care?

A

Comfort-focused care for terminally ill patients.

Hospice care prioritizes quality of life rather than curative treatments.

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16
Q

Define:

Home Health Care

A

Medical and personal care provided to patients in their homes.

Home health care is designed for patients who need assistance but prefer to remain at home.

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17
Q

What is a major benefit of home healthcare services?

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A

It allows patients to receive care in the comfort of their own home.

Being at home can greatly improve a resident’s mental and emotional well-being. Home health care can include nursing, therapy, and personal care services.

18
Q

What is the primary function of a rehabilitation facility?

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A

Helping patients regain strength and function after illness or injury.

Rehabilitation services include physical, occupational, and speech therapy. The primary function is helping patients regain strength and function after illness or injury.

CNA Insight: You will be assisting with a lot of therapy and encouraging the resident to do as much as they can for themselves.

19
Q

What type of healthcare setting is designed for newborns requiring medical attention?

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A

Neonatal intensive care unit

(NICU)

NICUs specialize in caring for premature or ill newborns. This is a highly specialized unit.

20
Q

Define:

Palliative Care

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A

A type of care that focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life.

Palliative care is a type of care that focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life.

CNA Insight: This care can be given at any stage of a serious illness, not just at the end of life.

21
Q

How does an emergency room (ER) differ from urgent care?

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A
  • ERs: They handle life-threatening conditions
  • Urgent care: treats minor illnesses and injuries

ERs handle life-threatening conditions, while urgent care treats minor illnesses and injuries.

CNA Insight: If a resident has chest pain, they go to the ER. If they have flu-like symptoms, they go to urgent care.

22
Q

What is the purpose of respite care?

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A

To provide temporary relief for primary caregivers.

Respite care helps prevent caregiver burnout. The purpose of respite care is to provide temporary relief for primary caregivers.

CNA Insight: This gives the family a much-needed break. The resident may stay at the facility for a few days or weeks during a respite stay.

23
Q

List TWO examples of community health services.

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A
  1. Free clinics
  2. Vaccination programs

Community health services provide medical care and prevention programs.

24
Q

What does telemedicine allow patients to do?

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A

Consult with healthcare providers remotely via technology.

Telemedicine expands access to medical care. This is becoming more common. The resident can talk to their doctor on a video call.

25
How does **managed care** work?
It **coordinates patient care** to control costs and improve efficiency. ## Footnote Health management organizations (HMOs) and preferred provider organization (PPOs) are common types of managed care.
26
What is a **health maintenance organization**? | (HMO)
A managed care plan that requires members to **use a specific network of providers**. ## Footnote HMOs typically require referrals for specialists.
27
List THREE areas of focus of **primary care providers**?
1. Preventive care 2. Early detection 3. Routine checkups ## Footnote Primary care helps maintain overall health. This is the resident's main doctor. They focus on keeping the resident healthy so they do not need to go to the hospital.
28
# Fill in the blank: The \_\_\_\_\_\_ system **determines patient charges** based on medical diagnoses.
diagnosis-related group | (**DRG**) ## Footnote The diagnosis-related group (DRG) system determines patient charges based on medical diagnoses. This is a system used by Medicare to decide how much to pay the hospital for a patient's stay.
29
What is the role of a **discharge planner**?
Helping patients **transition from hospital** to home or another facility. ## Footnote Discharge planning ensures continuity of care. They ensure the resident has everything they need (medication, equipment, home care) before they leave.
30
What does a **public health department** do?
**Promotes community health** through education and disease prevention programs. ## Footnote Public health departments monitor and control outbreaks. They are the ones who run the vaccination clinics and track disease outbreaks.
31
What are the TWO main types of **hospital ownership**?
1. Public 2. Private ## Footnote Public hospitals are government-funded, while private hospitals operate independently.
32
How do **specialty** hospitals differ from **general** hospitals?
Specialty hospitals focus on treating **specific conditions** or patient groups. ## Footnote Examples include cancer centers and pediatric hospitals.
33
What is the function of a **federally qualified health center**? | (FQHC)
To provide healthcare services to **underserved communities**. ## Footnote FQHCs receive government funding to support low-income patients.
34
How do **accountable care organizations** improve patient care? | (ACOs)
By **coordinating care among different providers** to reduce costs and improve quality. ## Footnote ACOs focus on efficiency and outcomes.
35
List TWO groups eligible for **Medicaid**.
1. Low-income individuals 2. People with disabilities ## Footnote Medicaid is a state and federal program that helps pay for healthcare for people with limited income. It is jointly funded by the federal and state governments and programs vary by state.
36
Who **qualifies** for Medicare?
1. Individuals 65 and older. 2. Younger individuals with disabilities. ## Footnote Medicare is a federal program that helps pay for healthcare for the elderly. It is a health insurance program funded by the federal government through payroll taxes.
37
# True or False: Medicare Part A covers **hospital stays and hospice care**.
True ## Footnote Medicare Part A provides hospital and skilled nursing coverage.
38
How do **private insurance plans differ** from government-funded programs?
* **Private insurance**: It is purchased individually or through employers * **Government programs**: They assist specific populations ## Footnote Most private insurance requires premiums and copayments. Private insurance is usually more expensive but may offer more choices.
39
What does the **Affordable Care Act** aim to achieve? | (ACA)
* Expanding healthcare coverage * Reducing costs ## Footnote The ACA protects patients from unfair treatment by insurance companies and expands Medicaid. It prevents insurers from denying coverage for preexisting conditions.
40
# True or False: OBRA was designed to **improve the quality of care** in nursing homes.
True ## Footnote The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) sets standards for nursing home care. This law is why CNAs must be certified and why nursing homes have strict rules about resident rights and quality of care.
41
What is **OSHA’s role** in healthcare systems?
**Ensuring**: * Workplace safety * Health regulations for healthcare workers ## Footnote OSHA’s role is ensuring workplace safety and health regulations for healthcare workers. **CNA Insight**: OSHA protects you. They ensure you have the right equipment and training to do your job safely.
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