Japanese - Beginner (JLPT N5) > 0.2.2 Pronouns & Origins > Flashcards

0.2.2 Pronouns & Origins Flashcards

Learn words for people, nationalities, and where someone is from. (43 cards)

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1
Q

Translate to Japanese:

The United States

(The U.S.)

A

アメリカ

amerika

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2
Q

Translate to Japanese:

an American

A

アメリカじん

amerika jin

nationality suffix = jin (じん)

Adding jin (じん) after a country expresses one’s nationality.

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3
Q

Translate to Japanese:

an American boy

A

アメリカじんのおとこのこ

amerikajin no otoko no ko

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4
Q

Translate to Japanese:

Japan

A

にほん

nihon

In some more formal, historical, or old-fashioned contexts, you might encounter nippon (にっぽん) as “Japan” too.

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5
Q

Translate to Japanese:

a Japanese person

A

にほんじん

nihonjin

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6
Q

Translate to Japanese:

a man from Japan

A

にほんしゅっしんのおとこのひと

nihon shusshin no otoko no hito

origin / hometown = shusshin (しゅっしん)

Rather than using “come from”, Japanese often uses [place] + shusshin (しゅっしん) to express where someone is from.

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7
Q

Translate to Japanese:

a woman from the United States

A

アメリカしゅっしんのおんなのひと

amerika shusshin no onna no hito

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8
Q

Translate to Japanese:

a Japanese girl

A

にほんじんのおんなのこ

nihonjin no onna no ko

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9
Q

Translate to Japanese:

I

A

わたし

watashi

Pronouns are used in Japanese only when necessary and can usually be omitted altogether.

They are most often used when you need to clarify or correct who you are talking about.

  • “She did that?”
  • “No, I did that.”

Most of the time, they are omitted because the context makes it clear who is being talked about.

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10
Q

Translate to Japanese:

you

A

あなた

anata

anata (あなた) should be used as sparingly as possible or can be omitted altogether.

If you need to address someone directly, their last name or title + san (さん) should be used in most situations.

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11
Q

Translate to Japanese:

he

A

かれ

kare

A person’s name / title + san (さん) should be used in place of kare (かれ) if possible or can be omitted altogether.

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12
Q

Translate to Japanese:

she

A

かのじょ

kanojo

A person’s name / title + san (さん) should be used in place of kanojo (かのじょ) if possible or can be omitted altogether.

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13
Q

Translate to Japanese:

we

A

わたしたち

watashitachi

tachi (たち) indicates a group of people or animals.

Therefore, adding tachi (たち) after “I”, watashi (わたし), creates the pronoun “we” or “us”.

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14
Q

Translate to Japanese:

you (plural)

A

あなたたち

anatatachi

Adding tachi (たち) after “you”, anata (あなた), creates the plural pronoun “you” or “you all”.

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15
Q

Translate to Japanese:

they (men / mixed group)

A

かれら

karera

karera (かれら) is used when the pronoun “they” or “them” is essential and indicates a group of men or a mixed group.

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16
Q

Translate to Japanese:

they (women)

A

かのじょたち

kanojotachi

kanojotachi (かのじょたち) is used when the pronoun “they” or “them” is essential and the group is all women.

tachi (たち) is used to talk about a group of people.

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17
Q

Translate to Japanese:

I am American

A

(わたしは)アメリカじんです。

(Watashi wa) amerikajin desu.

When the context is clear that you are talking about yourself, watashi (わたし) should be omitted.

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18
Q

Translate to Japanese:

You are handsome

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A

(あなたは)かっこいいです。

(Anata wa) kakkoii desu.

In most situations, anata (あなた) should be dropped or replaced with the person’s name and san (さん).

19
Q

[What is being said in the audio recording?]

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A
  • Man: じゅんさんはアメリカじんですか。(Jun san wa amerikajin desu ka.)
  • Woman: いいえ、にほんしゅっしんです。(Iie, nihon shusshin desu.)

Translation:

Man: “Is Jun American?”

Woman: “No, he’s from Japan.”

If the speaker is a close friend, relative, or coworker of Jun’s, san (さん) may be omitted in casual conversation.

20
Q

[What is being said in the audio recording?]

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A
  • Man: あいこさんはにほんしゅっしんですか。(Aiko san wa nihon shusshin desu ka.)
  • Woman: はい、にほんじんです。(Hai, nihonjin desu.)

Translation:

Man: “Is (Ms.) Aiko from Japan?”

Woman: “Yes, she’s Japanese.”

21
Q

Translate to Japanese:

Sarah is Japanese.

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A

サラさんはにほんじんです。

Sara san wa nihonjin desu.

22
Q

Translate to Japanese:

Sota is in Japan.

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A

そうたさんはにほんにいます。

Sota san wa nihon ni imasu.

in / at = ni (に)

ni (に) is used to describe where something exists, lives, or stays.

23
Q

Translate to Japanese:

Are you Japanese?

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A

(あなたは)にほんじんですか。

(Anata wa) nihonjin desu ka.

24
Q

Translate to Japanese:

Are you from Japan?

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A

(あなたは)にほんしゅっしんですか。

(Anata wa) nihon shusshin desu ka.

25
# Translate to Japanese: She is in Japan.
(かのじょは)にほんにいます。 | (Kanojo wa) nihon ni imasu.
26
# Translate to Japanese: _Where_ is he _from_?
(かれは)どこのしゅっしんですか。 | (Kare wa) _doko_ no shusshin desu ka. ## Footnote where = *doko* (どこ) Combining *doko* (どこ) with *no* (の) creates a rough translation of "of where" or "from where".
27
# Translate to Japanese: He is a _Kyotoite_.
(かれは)きょうとしゅっしんです。 | (Kare wa) kyouto _shusshin_ desu. ## Footnote Japanese does not use special terms like English does for "Kyotoite", "New Yorker", "Parisian", etc. Instead, *shusshin* (しゅっしん) is used with a town, city, or country's name to indicate where a person is from.
28
[What is being said in the audio recording?]
- **Man**: とうきょうしゅっしんですか。(Toukyou shusshin desu ka.) - **Woman**: いいえ、おおさかしゅっしんです。(Iie, oosaka shusshin desu.) ## Footnote _Translation_: Man: "Are you from Tokyo?" Woman: "No, I'm from Osaka."
29
# Translate to Japanese: We are Japanese.
(わたしたちは)にほんじんです。 | (Watashitachi wa) nihonjin desu.
30
Are _you all_ Japanese?
みなさんはにほんじんですか。 | _Minasan_ wa nihonjin desu ka. ## Footnote everyone / you all = *minasan* (みなさん) *minasan* (みなさん) is used instead of *anatatachi* (あなたたち) when addressing a group of people, such as a class, pupils, or friends.
31
[What is being said in the audio recording?]
- **A**: みなさんはにほんしゅっしんですか。 (Minasan wa nihon shusshin desu ka.) - **B**: いいえ、あめりかしゅっしんです。(Iie, amerika shusshin desu.) ## Footnote _Translation_: A: "Is everyone from Japan?" B: "No, we're from the United States."
32
[What is being said in the audio recording?]
- **Man**: きょうとしゅっしんですか。(Kyouto shusshin desu ka.) - **Woman**: はい、そうです。(Hai, soudesu.) ## Footnote _Translation_: Man: "Are you from Kyoto?" Woman: "Yes, that's right."
33
# Translate to Japanese: Japanese _class_
にほんごのじゅぎょう | nihongo no _jugyou_ ## Footnote class = *jugyou* (じゅぎょう)
34
# Translate to Japanese: Japanese _course_
にほんごのコース | nihongo no _koosu_ ## Footnote course = *koosu* (コース) *koosu* (コース) refers to a set of classes or lessons over a period of time.
35
# Translate to Japanese: _Who_ is that?
だれですか。 | _Dare_ desu ka. ## Footnote who = *dare* (だれ)
36
# Translate to Japanese: Who are they?
(かれらは)だれですか。 | (Karera wa) dare desu ka. ## Footnote Note: Whether talking about one person or a group of people, *dare* (だれ) is used in both cases.
37
# Translate to Japanese: _This_ passport
このパスポート | _kono_ pasupooto ## Footnote *kono* (この) is used with a noun close to the speaker to indicate "this" [noun].
38
# Translate to Japanese: _That_ dog
そのいぬ | _sono_ inu ## Footnote *sono* (その) is used with a noun close to the listener to indicate "that" [noun].
39
# Translate to Japanese: _That_ house (far away)
あのいえ | _ano_ ie ## Footnote *ano* (あの) is used with a noun that is not close to the listener or the speaker and indicates "that" [noun] is far away.
40
# Translate to Japanese: Who's this man?
このおとこのひとはだれですか。 | Kono otokonohito wa dare desu ka.
41
# Translate to Japanese: What is that?
それはなんですか。 | Sore wa nan desu ka. ## Footnote Because a noun is not specified, *sore* (それ), "that", is used in this context.
42
[What is being said in the audio recording?]
あのおんなのひとたちはだれですか。(Ano onanohitotachi wa dare desu ka.) ## Footnote _Translation_: "Who are those ladies?" Note the use of *tachi* (たち) here to clearly indicate a **group** of women.
43
[What is being said in the audio recording?]
- **Man**: それはなんですか。(Sore wa nan desu ka.) - **Woman**: かわいいいぬたちです。(Kawaii inu tachi desu.) ## Footnote _Translation_: Man: "What are those?" / "What is that?" Woman: "They're cute dogs."
Japanese - Beginner (JLPT N5)
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