Tudor England: Authority and Religion for A-Level History (Edexcel)

Which battle in 1485 brought Henry Tudor to the English throne?

Battle of Bosworth

Richard III was defeated, ending the Wars of the Roses.

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What dynasty was established in England after Henry Tudor’s victory in 1485?

Tudor dynasty

Henry VII became the first Tudor monarch.

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True or False:

Henry VII had a strong and uncontested claim to the English throne.

False

His claim was weak and required consolidation.

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Which Yorkist princess did Henry VII marry to strengthen his claim to the throne?

Elizabeth of York

The marriage united the rival houses of Lancaster and York.

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What symbol represented the union of Lancaster and York under Henry VII?

Tudor Rose

Combined the red and white roses of the rival houses.

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Which institution helped Henry VII govern England through a small group of advisors?

Royal Council

The council assisted the king in administration and policy.

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Name three key members of Henry VII’s Council.

John Morton – Lord Chancellor and Archbishop of Canterbury
Richard Fox – Bishop of Winchester and trusted advisor
Sir Reginald Bray – Chief financial administrator and loyal servant to Henry

Key advisors played a major role in governance.

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Which court dealt with financial obligations owed to the crown by nobles?

Council Learned in the Law

It enforced bonds and recognisances.

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What financial device required nobles to pledge money as a guarantee of loyalty?

Bonds and recognisances

Used by Henry VII to control the nobility.

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True or False:

Henry VII allowed the nobility to maintain large private armies without restriction.

False

Laws against retaining limited private armies.

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What term describes the practice of nobles maintaining private armies?

Retaining

Henry VII attempted to restrict this to reduce noble power.

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Which institution ensured local law and order in Tudor England?

Justices of the Peace

Local gentry who enforced royal authority in counties.

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What legislative body did Henry VII use occasionally to pass laws and raise taxes?

Parliament

Parliament met relatively infrequently during his reign.

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Fill in the blank:

Local officials responsible for maintaining order in counties were called ______ of the Peace.

Justices

They played a key role in local governance.

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Which neighbouring kingdom remained a major concern in Henry VII’s foreign policy?

Scotland

Scotland often allied with England’s enemies.

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Why did Scotland pose a threat to England?

Shared a land border
Held strong alliance with France
Had supported pretenders to the throne

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Which Scottish king supported the pretender Perkin Warbeck?

James IV

His support increased tensions with England.

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Which treaty in 1502 improved relations between England and Scotland?

Treaty of Perpetual Peace

It included the marriage of Margaret Tudor and James IV.

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True or False:

Henry VII ignored foreign diplomacy and focused only on domestic issues.

False

He used diplomacy and marriage alliances extensively.

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Which Spanish royal family did Henry VII ally with through marriage?

Trastámara dynasty

Alliance created through the marriage of Arthur Tudor and Catherine of Aragon.

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Which son of Henry VII married Catherine of Aragon after his brother’s death?

Henry VIII

The marriage took place in 1509.

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Fill in the blank:

Henry VII arranged the marriage of his son Arthur to ______ of Aragon.

Catherine

The alliance strengthened relations with Spain.

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Which social group held the highest status in Tudor society beneath the monarch?

Nobility

They held land and political influence.

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Which group formed the majority of England’s population in the late 15th century?

Commoners

Included peasants, labourers and townspeople.

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Which **rebellion in 1489** protested against **taxation in northern England**?

Yorkshire Rebellion ## Footnote Triggered by taxes for a campaign against France.

Which **major rebellion in 1497** protested against **taxation for war with Scotland**?

Cornish Rebellion ## Footnote Rebels marched towards London before being defeated.

# True or False: Henry VII faced **no serious rebellions** during his reign.

False ## Footnote Several uprisings challenged his authority.

Rank the rebellions, in order of importance to the king under Henry VII

* Lovell Rebellion (1486) * Yorkshire Rebellion (1489) * Cornish Rebellion (1497)

Which **pretender** claimed to be **Richard, Duke of York** and challenged Henry VII?

Perkin Warbeck ## Footnote Supported by foreign rulers and Yorkist sympathisers.

What important **trading organisation** linked **English merchants with northern Europe**?

Hanseatic League ## Footnote It dominated trade in the Baltic and North Sea.

Which **treaty in 1496** improved trade between **England and the Netherlands**?

Intercursus Magnus ## Footnote It restored trade disrupted by support for Warbeck.

# True or False: England experienced **steady economic prosperity** throughout Henry VII’s reign.

False ## Footnote Periods of prosperity were mixed with economic difficulties.

Which **Italian intellectual movement** influenced learning in **Tudor England**?

Humanism ## Footnote Encouraged education and study of classical texts.

Which **Renaissance thinker** served as an important **English humanist** during this period?

Thomas More ## Footnote A major figure in English Renaissance thought.

# Fill in the blank: The intellectual movement promoting **classical learning** was known as **_\_\_\_\_\_**.

Humanism ## Footnote It influenced education and scholarship.

Which **Tudor monarch** succeeded **Henry VII in 1509**?

Henry VIII ## Footnote His reign brought major religious and political changes.

What was a key **personal aim of Henry VIII** early in his reign?

Glory and prestige ## Footnote He sought military success and international recognition.

# True or False: Henry VIII continued all of **Henry VII’s cautious financial policies**.

False ## Footnote Henry VIII spent far more on war and display.

Which **powerful minister** dominated government during **Henry VIII’s early reign**?

Thomas Wolsey ## Footnote He served as Lord Chancellor and chief advisor.

Which **institution** gained increased importance during the **English Reformation**?

Parliament ## Footnote Parliament was used to pass major religious legislation.

# Fill in the blank: The policy that made the **English monarch head of the Church in England** was called **Royal _\_\_\_\_\_\_**.

Supremacy ## Footnote Established through legislation in the 1530s.

Which **act in 1534** declared the **king head of the Church of England**?

Act of Supremacy ## Footnote It formally broke papal authority in England.

# True or False: The **English Reformation** began primarily as a **theological reform movement**.

False ## Footnote It was largely driven by Henry VIII’s dynastic concerns.

Which **queen’s failure to produce a male heir** led Henry VIII to seek annulment?

Catherine of Aragon ## Footnote The marriage crisis triggered the break with Rome.

Which **religious houses** were closed and confiscated during the **1530s**?

Monasteries ## Footnote The Dissolution redistributed church lands.

Which **major northern rebellion in 1536** protested against **religious and political change**?

Pilgrimage of Grace ## Footnote The largest rebellion of Henry VIII’s reign.

# True or False: The **Pilgrimage of Grace** succeeded in reversing Henry VIII’s religious reforms.

False ## Footnote The rebellion was eventually suppressed.

Which **neighbouring kingdom** remained an important rival throughout **Henry VIII’s reign**?

France ## Footnote Henry pursued several military campaigns against France.

Name three successes Henry VIII had with France.

* Captured Tournai (1513) * Won the Battle of the Spurs (1513) * Secured the French Pension through treaties

Name three limits Henry VIII had with France.

* Gains were small and costly * Battle of the Spurs was only a minor skirmish * France remained stronger than England overall

Which **Scottish king** was defeated and killed by English forces in **1513**?

James IV ## Footnote He died at the Battle of Flodden.

# Fill in the blank: The **Scottish king** killed at the **Battle of Flodden in 1513** was **_\_\_\_\_\_ IV**.

James ## Footnote His death weakened Scotland temporarily.

What major **religious change** had taken place in **England by 1547**?

Break with Rome ## Footnote England had separated from papal authority.

# True or False: By **1547** England had become **fully Protestant** in doctrine and practice.

False ## Footnote Many Catholic beliefs and practices remained.

Which **Tudor monarch** succeeded **Henry VIII in 1547**?

Edward VI ## Footnote Henry VIII’s only legitimate son became king at age nine.

Which **noble** served as **Lord Protector during the early reign of Edward VI**?

Duke of Somerset ## Footnote Edward Seymour governed England during the king’s minority.

Which **noble** replaced **Somerset as Edward VI’s chief minister in 1549**?

Duke of Northumberland ## Footnote John Dudley became the dominant political figure.

# True or False: **Edward VI** personally exercised strong independent authority during his reign.

False ## Footnote Power was largely exercised by his regents.

Which **foreign conflict** during Somerset’s rule involved **war with Scotland**?

Rough Wooing ## Footnote England attempted to force a marriage alliance with Mary, Queen of Scots.

Which **Scottish queen** was intended to marry **Edward VI** during the Rough Wooing?

Mary, Queen of Scots ## Footnote The plan aimed to unite England and Scotland.

# Fill in the blank: The conflict designed to force a marriage alliance with Scotland was called the **_\_\_\_\_\_ Wooing**.

Rough ## Footnote It caused long-term hostility between the kingdoms.

Which **major religious change** accelerated during **Edward VI’s reign**?

Protestant reform ## Footnote The Church of England moved toward more Protestant doctrine.

Which **prayer book** introduced **Protestant liturgy in 1549**?

Book of Common Prayer ## Footnote Compiled by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer.

# True or False: The **Book of Common Prayer** reinforced traditional Catholic practices.

False ## Footnote It replaced many Catholic rituals with Protestant forms.

Which **rebellion in 1549** protested against **religious changes in southwest England**?

Western Rebellion ## Footnote Also known as the Prayer Book Rebellion.

Which **rebellion in 1549** protested against **enclosure and economic grievances in Norfolk**?

Kett's Rebellion ## Footnote Led by Robert Kett and centred on Norwich.

Which **intellectual movement** continued influencing **education and thought during Edward VI’s reign**?

Humanism ## Footnote Humanist ideas influenced reformers and scholars.

Which **monarch** succeeded **Edward VI after his death in 1553**?

Mary I ## Footnote Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.

# True or False: Edward VI was succeeded by his cousin **Lady Jane Grey as permanent queen**.

False ## Footnote Jane Grey ruled briefly before Mary I took power.

What **religion** did **Mary I** attempt to restore in England?

Catholicism ## Footnote She reversed many Protestant reforms.

Which **Spanish king** did **Mary I marry in 1554**?

Philip II ## Footnote The marriage alliance was unpopular in England.

Which **rebellion in 1554** opposed **Mary I’s marriage to Philip of Spain**?

Wyatt's Rebellion ## Footnote Led by Thomas Wyatt the Younger.

# True or False: **Wyatt’s Rebellion** successfully removed Mary I from the throne.

False ## Footnote The rebellion failed and its leaders were executed.

Which **religious persecution** during Mary I’s reign targeted **Protestant reformers**?

Marian persecutions ## Footnote Around 300 Protestants were executed for heresy.

What **nickname** was later given to **Mary I** because of these persecutions?

Bloody Mary ## Footnote The title reflected Protestant hostility to her policies.

Which **English territory** was lost to **France during Mary I’s reign in 1558**?

Calais ## Footnote England’s final possession in mainland France.

Which **monarch** succeeded **Mary I in 1558**?

Elizabeth I ## Footnote Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

# True or False: **Elizabeth I** inherited a stable and unified kingdom in 1558.

False ## Footnote England faced religious division and financial problems.

What **religious compromise** established the **Church of England under Elizabeth I**?

Elizabethan Settlement ## Footnote Created a moderate Protestant church.

Which year was the Elizabethan Religious Settlement founded?

1559 ## Footnote It aimed to create stability after religious conflict.

Which **act in 1559** restored the monarch as **head of the Church of England**?

Act of Supremacy ## Footnote It re-established royal authority over the church.

Which **act in 1559** defined the structure of **Protestant worship in England**?

Act of Uniformity ## Footnote It required use of the Book of Common Prayer.

# True or False: The **Elizabethan Settlement** satisfied all religious groups in England.

False ## Footnote While moderates accepted the change, both radical Catholics and radical Protestants criticised it.

Which **group of Protestants** wanted **further reform of the Church of England**?

Puritans ## Footnote They believed the church remained too Catholic.

Which **Scottish queen** became a focal point of **Catholic opposition to Elizabeth**?

Mary Queen of Scots ## Footnote She had a claim to the English throne.

# Fill in the blank: Elizabeth’s Catholic rival for the English throne was **_\_\_\_\_\_ Queen of Scots**.

Mary ## Footnote She was executed in 1587.

Which **powerful country** became **England’s main enemy during Elizabeth’s reign**?

Spain ## Footnote Tensions grew over religion and global rivalry.

Which **Spanish fleet** attempted to **invade England in 1588**?

Spanish Armada ## Footnote Its defeat was a major victory for Elizabeth.

# True or False: The **Spanish Armada** successfully overthrew Elizabeth I in 1588.

False ## Footnote The fleet was defeated by English forces and storms.

Which **English privateer** was famous for **attacking Spanish ships and settlements**?

Francis Drake ## Footnote He circumnavigated the globe and raided Spanish treasure fleets.

# Fill in the blank: The English privateer who helped defeat the Armada and raided Spanish ships was Sir **_\_\_\_\_\_ Drake**.

Francis ## Footnote He became a national hero.

Which **group of advisors** dominated **Elizabethan government**?

Privy Council ## Footnote Senior ministers who advised the queen.

Tudor England: Authority and Religion Flashcards

Analyse monarchy, religious change and governance in Tudor England. (92 cards)