Which three components combine to form a single molecule of ATP?
- Adenine
- Ribose
- Three phosphate groups
ATP consists of the nitrogenous base adenine, a ribose sugar, and a chain of three phosphate groups.
What enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate?
ATP hydrolase
This enzyme catalyses the breakdown of ATP during energy-releasing reactions.
Fill in the blank:
During ATP hydrolysis, ATP is converted into ADP and _______.
Inorganic phosphate
(Pi)
Hydrolysis splits off the terminal phosphate group from ATP.
What process releases energy that can be used for cellular reactions by breaking the terminal phosphate bond in ATP?
Hydrolysis of ATP
The reaction ATP → ADP + Pi releases usable energy for cellular work.
True or False:
The hydrolysis of ATP can be coupled to reactions in cells that require energy.
True
Energy released from ATP hydrolysis drives endergonic reactions.
What is the name of the process in which a phosphate group from ATP is added to another molecule?
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation often increases the reactivity of molecules.
What effect does phosphorylation usually have on molecules within cells?
Makes them more reactive.
Adding a phosphate group changes the molecule’s energy state or shape.
Fill in the blank:
ATP is resynthesised when ADP combines with Pi through a _______ reaction.
Condensation
This reaction reforms the high-energy phosphate bond.
Which enzyme catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate?
ATP synthase
ATP synthase drives ATP formation using energy from respiration or photosynthesis.
True or False:
ATP is only synthesised during photosynthesis in plant cells.
False
ATP is produced during both respiration and photosynthesis.
Why is ATP considered an immediate energy source for cells rather than a long-term energy store?
Rapid hydrolysis releases small, manageable amounts of energy.
ATP releases energy quickly and in controlled amounts suitable for cellular processes.
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3.1.1 Monomers & Polymers9
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3.1.2 Carbohydrates22
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3.1.3 Lipids17
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3.1.4 Proteins39
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3.1.5 Nucleic Acids32
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3.1.6 ATP11
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3.1.7 Water11
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3.1.8 Inorganic ions8
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3.2.1 Cell structure52
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3.2.2 Cell division20
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3.2.3 Transport across cell membranes20
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3.2.4 Cell recognition & the immune system36
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3.3.1 Surface area to volume ratio13
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3.3.2 Gas exchange24
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3.3.3 Digestion & absorption16
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3.3.4 Mass transport39
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3.4.1 DNA, genes & chromosomes13
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3.4.2 DNA & protein synthesis14
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3.4.3 Genetic diversity & meiosis14
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3.4.4 Genetic diversity & adaptation20
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3.4.5 Species & taxonomy20
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3.4.6 Biodiversity within a community12
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3.4.7 Investigating diversity12
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3.5.1 Photosynthesis23
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3.5.2 Respiration17
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3.5.3 Energy & ecosystems20
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3.5.4 Nutrient cycles15
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3.6.1 Stimuli & Response62
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3.6.2 Nervous coordination53
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3.6.3 Skeletal muscles14
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3.6.4 Homeostasis57
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3.7.1 Inheritance12
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3.7.2 Populations15
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3.7.3 Evolution may lead to speciation22
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3.7.4 Populations in ecosystems24
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3.8.1 Gene Mutations and Protein Structure14
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3.8.2 Control of Gene Expression44
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3.8.3 Applications of Genome Projects10
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3.8.4 Gene Technologies and Their Applications46
