Fill in the blank:
The concentration of _______ ions affects the pH of a solution.
hydrogen
pH is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Which ion is an essential component of haemoglobin?
Iron
Fe2+ ions bind oxygen in haemoglobin molecules.
What role do sodium ions play in nutrient absorption?
Co-transport
Sodium ions help transport glucose and amino acids into cells via co-transport mechanisms.
Which ion is a structural component of both DNA and ATP?
Phosphate
Phosphate groups form the backbone of DNA and are part of ATP molecules storing energy.
True or False:
Iron ions are involved in the transport of oxygen in blood.
True
Fe2+ in haemoglobin reversibly binds oxygen for transport in red blood cells.
True or False:
Sodium ions are only used in nerve impulses, not in nutrient absorption.
False
Sodium ions are crucial for co-transport of glucose and amino acids in epithelial cells.
How do phosphate ions contribute to energy transfer?
ATP formation
Phosphate groups in ATP store and release energy when bonds are broken and reformed.
Fill in the blank:
High concentrations of _______ ions in cytoplasm can lower the pH.
hydrogen
An increase in H+ ions makes the cytoplasm more acidic.
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3.1.1 Monomers & Polymers9
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3.1.2 Carbohydrates22
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3.1.3 Lipids17
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3.1.4 Proteins39
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3.1.5 Nucleic Acids32
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3.1.6 ATP11
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3.1.7 Water11
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3.1.8 Inorganic ions8
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3.2.1 Cell structure52
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3.2.2 Cell division20
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3.2.3 Transport across cell membranes20
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3.2.4 Cell recognition & the immune system36
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3.3.1 Surface area to volume ratio13
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3.3.2 Gas exchange24
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3.3.3 Digestion & absorption16
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3.3.4 Mass transport39
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3.4.1 DNA, genes & chromosomes13
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3.4.2 DNA & protein synthesis14
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3.4.3 Genetic diversity & meiosis14
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3.4.4 Genetic diversity & adaptation20
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3.4.5 Species & taxonomy20
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3.4.6 Biodiversity within a community12
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3.4.7 Investigating diversity12
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3.5.1 Photosynthesis23
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3.5.2 Respiration17
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3.5.3 Energy & ecosystems20
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3.5.4 Nutrient cycles15
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3.6.1 Stimuli & Response62
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3.6.2 Nervous coordination53
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3.6.3 Skeletal muscles14
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3.6.4 Homeostasis57
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3.7.1 Inheritance12
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3.7.2 Populations15
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3.7.3 Evolution may lead to speciation22
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3.7.4 Populations in ecosystems24
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3.8.1 Gene Mutations and Protein Structure14
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3.8.2 Control of Gene Expression44
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3.8.3 Applications of Genome Projects10
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3.8.4 Gene Technologies and Their Applications46
