What name is given to the small molecular subunits that join together to form larger biological molecules?
Monomers
Small repeating building blocks that can be chemically joined to form larger molecules.
What term describes a large molecule formed when many repeating subunits are chemically bonded together?
Polymer
Polymers consist of many monomers linked in long chains or complex structures.
Glucose and other simple sugars belong to which class of biological monomer?
Monosaccharides
These single sugar units can combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Which type of monomer joins together to form proteins?
Amino acids
Amino acids link via peptide bonds during protein synthesis.
DNA and RNA are built from repeating units known as what?
Nucleotides
Each nucleotide contains a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen-containing base.
What type of reaction joins two molecules together while releasing a molecule of water?
Condensation reaction
Also called a dehydration reaction, it commonly forms glycosidic, peptide, and ester bonds.
Fill in the blank:
A condensation reaction forms a chemical bond between molecules and releases a molecule of _______.
Water
Water is removed when the bond forms between the monomers.
What type of reaction breaks a bond between two molecules using a molecule of water?
Hydrolysis
The reverse of condensation; it is common in digestion of biological polymers.
True or False:
Hydrolysis reactions build polymers from monomers.
False
Hydrolysis breaks polymers into smaller units; condensation builds them.
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3.1.1 Monomers & Polymers9
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3.1.2 Carbohydrates22
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3.1.3 Lipids17
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3.1.4 Proteins39
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3.1.5 Nucleic Acids32
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3.1.6 ATP11
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3.1.7 Water11
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3.1.8 Inorganic ions8
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3.2.1 Cell structure52
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3.2.2 Cell division20
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3.2.3 Transport across cell membranes20
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3.2.4 Cell recognition & the immune system36
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3.3.1 Surface area to volume ratio13
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3.3.2 Gas exchange24
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3.3.3 Digestion & absorption16
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3.3.4 Mass transport39
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3.4.1 DNA, genes & chromosomes13
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3.4.2 DNA & protein synthesis14
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3.4.3 Genetic diversity & meiosis14
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3.4.4 Genetic diversity & adaptation20
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3.4.5 Species & taxonomy20
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3.4.6 Biodiversity within a community12
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3.4.7 Investigating diversity12
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3.5.1 Photosynthesis23
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3.5.2 Respiration17
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3.5.3 Energy & ecosystems20
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3.5.4 Nutrient cycles15
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3.6.1 Stimuli & Response62
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3.6.2 Nervous coordination53
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3.6.3 Skeletal muscles14
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3.6.4 Homeostasis57
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3.7.1 Inheritance12
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3.7.2 Populations15
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3.7.3 Evolution may lead to speciation22
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3.7.4 Populations in ecosystems24
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3.8.1 Gene Mutations and Protein Structure14
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3.8.2 Control of Gene Expression44
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3.8.3 Applications of Genome Projects10
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3.8.4 Gene Technologies and Their Applications46
