WSET® Level 3 Wine > Northern Rhône > Flashcards

Northern Rhône Flashcards

Learn the grape varieties, climate, soil, wine styles, and producers of the Northern Rhône. (37 cards)

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1
Q

What is the climate of the Northern Rhône?

A

Moderate continental

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2
Q

Which 2 cities delimit the Northern Rhône Valley?

A

Vienne

  • in the north

Valence

  • in the south
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3
Q

Name the 7 AOPs of the Northern Rhône Valley from north to south.

A

From north to south:

  1. Côte-Rôtie
  2. Condrieu
  3. Château-Grillet
  4. Saint-Joseph
  5. Crozes-Hermitage
  6. Hermitage
  7. Cornas

Château-Grillet AOP is a single property appellation within Condrieu AOP.

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4
Q

Where are the prime vineyards of the Northern Rhône situated: on the valley floor or on steep slopes?

A

Northern Rhône’s prime vineyards are planted on steep slopes.

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5
Q

How do winemakers work on the steep slopes of the Northern Rhône?

A

Most of the work is done by hand as tractors cannot go over the small terrasses. Horses are sometimes used in Hermitage and Côte-Rôtie.

Romans built stone terraces which are still used today and require hand harvesting.

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6
Q

What is the only red grape allowed in the Northern Rhône?

A

Syrah

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7
Q

Name the white grapes grown in the Northern Rhône and in which white wine appellations you’ll find them.

A

Viognier

  • Condrieu, Château-Grillet
  • Côte-Rôtie

Roussanne

  • Hermitage, Crozes-Hermitage, Saint-Joseph

Marsanne

  • Hermitage, Crozes-Hermitage, Saint-Joseph
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8
Q

What are the flavors and characteristics of Viognier?

A
  • Full body
  • High alcohol
  • Low acidity
  • Apricot, stone fruits + blossom aromas
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9
Q

What are the flavors and characteristics of Roussanne and Marsanne?

A

Roussanne

  • Medium-to-full body
  • Medium acidity
  • Perfumed (stone) fruits

Marsanne

  • Medium-to-full body
  • Rich, weighted texture
  • Slightly bitter; develops hazelnut notes as it ages

Neither is as aromatic as Viognier

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10
Q

Name a white wine-only appellation in the Northern Rhône.

A

Condrieu AOP: 100% Viognier​

Note there is also Château Grillet, a single property appellation within Condrieu that produces wines similar in style.

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11
Q

Northern Rhône appellations that are allowed to make both still red and still white wines include:

A
  • Saint-Joseph
  • Hermitage
  • Crozes-Hermitage
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12
Q

Is Condrieu more likely to be dry or sweet?

What about oak usage in Condrieu?

A

Today Condrieu is famous for being dry and aged in oak barrels.

However, back in the 1940s, Condrieu was known for its sweet wine production. A few young winemakers today are experimenting with late harvest Viognier from the slopes of Condrieu.

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13
Q

What is the single vineyard appellation within Condrieu that makes a wine similar in style to Condrieu?

A

Château-Grillet

On p.100 of the WSET textbook, it is specified that Château-Grillet is its own AOP. It lies within the boundaries of Condrieu.

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14
Q

In terms of volume, what is the largest appellation of the Northern Rhône?

A

Crozes-Hermitage AOP

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15
Q

Name the grape varieties used in the production of Crozes-Hermitage AOP.

A

Red:

  • Syrah
  • Can be blended with a max 15% combined Marsanne and Roussanne.

White:

  • Marsanne
  • Roussanne
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16
Q

Are new oak barrels largely used in Crozes-Hermitage AOP?

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A

Generally, no – either large or neutral demi-muids are used to soften the tannins of the Syrah in Crozes-Hermitage.

Lots of new oak usage is rare as Crozes-Hermitage is an appellation meant for early consumption, but there are some expensive Crozes-Hermitage that are aged in oak.

17
Q

What is the difference between Crozes-Hermitage AOP and Hermitage AOP?

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A

​Crozes-Hermitage AOP

  • vineyards are located mostly on flat land with varied soils (with lots of clay) where mechanical harvesting is common;
  • roughly 1,200ha in size.

Hermitage AOP

  • Hermitage is a steep granite hill roughly 120ha in size;
  • produces some of France’s most prestigious wines, the majority of them reds. All vineyard work is done by hand.

Both AOPs allow for up to 15% combined Marsanne and Roussanne to be blended into the reds.

18
Q

Is St-Joseph a homogeneous appellation in terms of quality and style of wine?

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A

No, St-Joseph is not homogeneous. The vineyards stretch over a long distance, covering wide variations in climate and soil.

Think of it like a sandwich: the northern and southern portions of St-Joseph make the best wines, while the middle part of St-Joseph makes large volumes of lighter-bodied, inexpensive wine.

19
Q

St-Joseph lies on the eastern or western bank of the Rhône River?

What city marks the southern end of St-Joseph?

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A
  • Western bank
  • Tournon
20
Q

Name the grape varieties used in the production of Saint-Joseph AOP.

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A

Red

  • Syrah

White

  • Marsanne
  • Roussanne
21
Q

In the Northern Rhône, red wines from (1) tend to have more elegance while in (2) they are bolder and more powerful; in (3) they are full bodied and earthy.

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A
  1. Côte-Rôtie
  2. Cornas
  3. Hermitage
22
Q

What is the warmest appellation in the Northern Rhône?

23
Q

Which appellation in the Northern Rhône makes red wine only made from 100% Syrah?

24
Q

What are some of the factors that contribute to wines from Cornas being so full and powerful?

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A

Some of the factors that contribute to Cornas’s full and powerful wines are its location and the terroir:

  • Situated in the southern part of the Northern Rhône, this tiny AOP is south-facing, so it has long ripening days;
  • Vineyards are planted on granite soil, which retains heat;
  • Vineyards are on very steep, sheltered, sun-baked slopes, enhancing the amount of sunshine the grapes receive.

Cornas is essentially a natural, south-facing amphitheater: https://www.aoc-cornas.fr/EN/terroir.html

25
What is the northernmost appellation in the Rhône Valley?
**Côte-Rôtie** ## Footnote *Attention! The Rhône _River's_ northernmost appellation is Valais in Switzerland; the Rhône _Valley's_ northernmost appellation is Côte-Rôtie.*
26
What does Côte-Rôtie translate to in English?
**Roasted slope** ## Footnote *Grapes are highly exposed to the sun as the vineyards face east-to-southeast.*
27
Which AOP in the Northern Rhône is situated around the town of Ampuis?
Côte-Rôtie AOP
28
In Côte-Rôtie, which white grape may be blended with Syrah? What is the maximum amount?
* **Viognier** * **Up to 20%** of the final blend; often co-fermented with Syrah grapes. ## Footnote *Viognier adds aromatic complexity to the power of the Syrah.*
29
Name the 2 AOPs located on the left bank in the Northern Rhône.
1. Hermitage AOP 2. Crozes-Hermitage AOP ## Footnote *Remember that the banks of a river are named “left” or “right” according to the directional flow of that river. The Rhône River flows from north to south and so, drifting downstream, Hermitage and Crozes-Hermitage will appear on your left. Ergo, they are located on the left bank.*
30
The Rhône River takes a west-to-east turn at the village of Tain l'Hermitage. In terms of exposure, what does this do for the hill of Hermitage?
This turn in the river gives the hill of Hermitage a full southerly exposure, giving the grapes all-day sun.
31
What styles of wine can be made in Hermitage AOP?
**Still white and red only** from Syrah, Roussanne and Marsanne. ## Footnote *While white grapes are allowed to be blended in red Hermitage, today most of the white grapes are vinified into white wines.*
32
Are Hermitage wines well suited for aging, or are they generally made for early consumption?
Hermitage wines are **meant to be aged**. They are concentrated and tight in their youth, and need time for the tannins to soften. ## Footnote *Hermitage from classic vintages should be aged at least 5-10 years; some may be cellared for up to 50 years.*
33
What is the name of the howling, cold northerly wind in the Rhône Valley?
The Mistral
34
What are the advantages of the Mistral in the Northern Rhône?
* The strong wind **keeps vineyards dry** and **prevents mold and mildew**, keeping grapes disease- and rot-free; * Helps grapes maintain bright acidity; * Cools down the temperature at night.
35
What is a disadvantage of the Mistral in the Northern Rhône?
The wind is so strong it can easily strike down a free cane, so vines are supported with individual or tepee-like stakes (creating more work in the vineyard). ## Footnote *Fun Fact: Le Mistral can blow up to 100 km/h (62 mph).*
36
Wines labelled under the Côtes-du-Rhône AOP are mostly sourced from the Northern or the Southern part of the Rhône Valley?
Southern Rhône
37
Which is cooler: the Northern Rhône or the Southern Rhône?
Northern Rhône
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